Crime Prevention

Question 1

give the 4 methods of crime prevention

Answer 1

-situational crime prevention
-environmental crime prevention
-social and community crime prevention
-surveillance

Question 2

who defines situational crime prevention

Answer 2

-Clarke

Question 3

how does Clarke define situational crime prevention

Answer 3

-pre emptive approach focused on reducing opportunities to commit crime rather than improving society or institutions

Question 4

give 3 examples of situational crime prevention

Answer 4

-CCTV
-Target Hardening
-mosquito sound at Stanley bus station

Question 5

give an advantage of situational crime prevention

Answer 5

-greatly reduces some crime and focuses on immediate situation
-eg NYC bus terminals

Question 6

give 4 disadvantages of situational crime prevention

Answer 6

-rational choice theory is too assuming, doesn’t explain non utilitarian crime
-focuses on petty crime
-ignores root causes of crime
-displacement

Question 7

what are the 5 types of displacement

Answer 7

-spacial (moving elsewhere)
-temporal (diff time)
-target (diff target)
-tactical (diff method)
-functional (diff type of crime)

Question 8

what theory and theorist links to environmental crime prevention

Answer 8

-Broken Windows Theory
-Wilson and Kelling

Question 9

give 3 advantages to environmental crime prevention

Answer 9

-deterrent due to higher risk of getting caught
-effective in NY, major crime fell 39%
-public feels safer

Question 10

give 4 disadvantages to environmental crime prevention

Answer 10

-only focuses on prevention not rescuing areas from crime
-police are understaffed and under resourced, not sustainable
-doesnt tackle root cause of crime
-displaces crime and may enable discrimination

Question 11

what is CPTED

Answer 11

-crime prevention through environmental design

Question 12

what does CPTED do

Answer 12

-removed opportunities for crime via the environment
-eg anti homeless architecture, shutters on shops, lighting and high trees

Question 13

what is social and community crime prevention

Answer 13

idea of shifting emphasis from policing to potential offenders and their social cotext

Question 14

give an example of social and community crime prevention

Answer 14

-Perry Pre School Project
-2 year intellectual enrichment programme for disadvantaged black 3-4 year olds
-compared to control significantly fewer lifetime arrests

Question 15

give 2 examples where surveillance has been used to detect crime

Answer 15

-London Riots 2011
-Jamie Burger case to watch abduction

Question 16

give 2 scandals about surveillance

Answer 16

-2020 Barclays scraps big brother staff tracking system
-Edward Snowden

Question 17

what was the Barclays surveillance scandal

Answer 17

-software surveilled how long staff were at their desks and issued warnings if gone too long
-started debate on workplace surveillance

Question 18

what was the Edward Snowden scandal

Answer 18

-leaked classified documents from the gov’s surveillance
-initially allowed to surveil suspected terrorists and criminals but abused to track citizens

Question 19

what is meant by self surveillance and who embraces it

Answer 19

-behaviour alters upon belief you are being watched whether you are or are not
-embraced in UK for self policing

Question 20

give a reason why surveillance may be better than self surveillance

Answer 20

-surveillance protects rights eg lawyers seeing CCTV of police mistreatment

Question 21

what concept links to self surveillance

Answer 21

-Panopticon
-guard tower in the middle prison cells surrounding it , under constant surveillance

Question 22

which postmodernist theorist comments on surveillance

Answer 22

Foucalt

Question 23

what does Foucalt argue about surveillance

Answer 23

-prisons are a metaphor for how we are constantly surveilled eg CCTV , loyalty cards, ID
-shift from sovereign power eg public execution to disciplinary power eg governing mind body and soul

Question 24

give 3 criticisms of Foucalts view on surveillance

Answer 24

-overestimates power of surveillance eg Goffman’s mortification process shows resistance to control
-underestimates how long the shift from sovereignty to disciplinary takes
-CCTV not always effective eg doesn’t catch domestic violence

Question 25

what is meant by liquid or synaptic surveillance

Answer 25

-surveillance is fluid and changing eg digital footprint
-people become more careful eg deny cookies or use VPN

Question 26

what does Thompson argue about liquid surveillance

Answer 26

-powerful groups fear exposure through surveillance which puts social control over their activities
-eg Matt Hancock’s affair