Vibrio Flashcards
Vibrio cholera strains produce Cholera toxin:
V. cholerae O1
V. cholerae O139 Bengal
V. cholerae O1 serotypes
Inaba
Ogawa
Hikojima
V. cholerae O1 biotypes:
a. Classical
b. El Tor
V. cholerae O1 serotypes:
antigentic determinant A & C
Inaba
V. cholerae O1 serotypes:
antigenic determinant A & B
Ogawa
V. cholerae O1 serotypes:
expresses both Inaba and Ogawa antigens
Hikojima
1 causative agent of cholera pandemic
Classical
Selective media:
Thiosulfate Bile Salt Sucrose (TCBS)
Alkaline Bile Salt Agar
Enrichment broth:
Alkaline Peptone Broth, pH 8.6
Vibrio spp can tolerate ____ pH
6.5-9.0
Motility
Darting Motility/Shooting Star Motility
If culture will be delayed, transport the spx in
Cary-Blair
Alkaline salt transport medium
VR
Autoclaved seawater
Pili of V. cholerae
toxin co-regulated pilus
have 2 chromosomes
V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus
Cell wall has lipopolysaccharide of 3 types:
a. Lipid A (endotoxin)
b. Core polysaccharide
c. O polysaccharide
used to subdivide Vibrio into serogroups
O polysaccharide
have acidic polysaccharides
V. vulnificus and Non-O1 V. cholerae
Virulence Factor of V. cholerae
Cholera toxin A & B (ctxA & ctxB)
Toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP)
Chemotaxis protein
Accessory cholera enterotoxin (ACE)
Zonula occludens toxins (ZOT)
Neuraminidase
Virulence Factor of V. parahaemolyticus
Kanagawa hemolysin/ Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)
Virulence Factor of V. vulnificus
Polysaccharide capsule
Cytolysins, proteases, collagenase
Lysine degradation enzymes
VF Biological Effect:
Hypersecretion of electrolytes and water; similar to enterotoxion of E. coli
Cholera toxin A & B (ctxA & ctxB)
VF Biological Effect:
Surface binding site receptor for bacteriophage CTXΦ; mediates bacterial adherence to intestinal mucosal cells
Toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP)
VF Biological Effect:
Adhesin factor
Chemotaxis protein
VF Biological Effect:
Increases intestinal fluid secretion
Accessory cholera enterotoxin (ACE)
VF Biological Effect:
Increases intestinal permeability
Zonula occludens toxins (ZOT)
VF Biological Effect:
Modifies cell surface to increase GM1 binding sites for cholera toxin
Neuraminidase
VF Biological Effect:
Enterotoxin that induces chloride ion secretion (watery diarrhea); produces beta hemolysis on BAP using human blood
Kanagawa hemolysin/ Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)
VF Biological Effect:
Antiphagocytic
Polysaccharide capsule
VF Biological Effect:
Mediate tissue destruction
Cytolysins, proteases, collagenase
VF Biological Effect:
Make the intestinal mucosa alkaline
Lysine degradation enzymes
The only lactose fermenter
V. vulnificus
Primary treatment for V. cholerae
fluid and electrolyte replacement
Primary treatment for V. parahaemolyticus
fluid and electrolyte therapy
Primary treatment for V. vulnificus
Antibiotic therapy
is a milder form of diarrheal disease which occurs in toxin-negative strains of V. cholerae O1 and other non-O1 serotypes
Gastroenteritis
fever is rare, maybe indicative of secondary infection
Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139
1L of fluid is lost per hour, resulting into severe dehydration, muscle cramps, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia and hypovolemic shock, cardiac arrhythmia and renal failure
Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139
gastroenteritis, cholera-like illness
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
disease begins at 5-72 hours after exposure with explosive watery diarrhea
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
wound infection may also occur from exposure to contaminated seawater
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
most common manifestation: (a) primary septicemia from ingestion of contaminated food or water or (b) rapidly progressive woundinfectionfromexposuretocontaminatedseawater
Vibrio vulnificus
sudden onset of fever and chills, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, secondary skin lesions and tissue necrosis are often present
Vibrio vulnificus
infection is common among pxs with hepatic disease, hematopoietic disease, chronic renal failure, & those who are receiving immunosuppressive drugs
Vibrio vulnificus
