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P2: Bacteriology > Gram Positive Bacilli Aerobes > Flashcards

Gram Positive Bacilli Aerobes Flashcards

1
Q

Spore – forming

A

Bacillus spp.
Clostridium spp.

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2
Q

Non – sporeforming

A

Corynebacterium spp.
Listeria spp.

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3
Q

Most members are saprophytic organisms prevalent in soil, water, and air and on vegetation.

A

Bacillus spp.

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4
Q

Bacillus spp. Are motile except

A

B. anthracis and B. mycoides

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5
Q

Biochemical tests of bacillus spp.

A

(+) catalase; ferments glucose; starch hydrolyzers

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6
Q

causative agent of ANTHRAX

A

Bacillus anthracis

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7
Q

a disease of wild and domestic animals including sheep, goats,
horses and cattle.

A

ANTHRAX

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8
Q

produces endospores (central/subterminal) which are highly
resistant to heat and desiccation.

A

Bacillus anthracis

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9
Q

Habitat of Bacillus anthracis

A

SOIL (contracted by HERBIVORES)

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10
Q

Mode of Transmission: Inoculated with the spores, either by traumatic introduction, ingestion or inhalation during exposure to contaminated animal products.

A

Bacillus anthracis

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11
Q

Bacillus anthracis Gram positive (+) in chains;

A

“bamboo – fishing rod appearance”

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12
Q

Capsule of Bacillus anthracis

A

polypeptide D-glutamic acid

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13
Q

Bacillus anthracis Gram positive arranged singly;

A

“boxcar”

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14
Q

Gray to white colonies, raised with curled, irregular whirling margin

A

Bacillus anthracis

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15
Q

“MEDUSA HEAD” or “ground glass colonies”

A

Bacillus anthracis

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16
Q

Used for Cultural Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis

A

Blood Agar

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17
Q

disturbed portion of colony stands up like “BEATEN EGG WHITE” when lifted up

A

Bacillus anthracis

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18
Q

Gelatin: inverted pine – tree growth

A

Bacillus anthraci

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19
Q

Reduced nitrates to nitrite

A

Bacillus anthracis

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20
Q

Pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis

A

Polypeptide capsule
Anthrax toxin

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21
Q

B. anthracis

complex protein toxin produced in vivo responsible for the signs and symptoms of disease

A

Anthrax toxin

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22
Q

3 types of Anthrax toxin

A

Protective antigen (PA);
Edema factor (EF);
Lethal factor (LF)

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23
Q

Binds to specific cell receptors; forms a membrane channel that mediates entry of EF and LF into the cell

A

PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN

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24
Q

an adenylate cyclase; with PA, it forms a toxin known as edema toxin

A

EDEMA FACTOR

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25
Q

with PA forms lethal toxin which is major virulence factor and cause of death in infected animal.

A

LETHAL FACTOR

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26
Q

Pathology of Bacillus anthracis

A

CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX (Malignant Pustule)
PULMONARY ANTHRAX/WOOLSORTER’S DSS.
GASTROINTESTINAL ANTHRAX/MILZBRAND

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27
Q

Occurs on exposed surfaces of the arms or hands followed in frequency by the face and neck

A

CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX (Malignant Pustule)

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28
Q

A pruritic papule develops 1–7 days after entry of the organisms or spores through a scratch; it rapidly changes into a vesicle or small ring of vesicles, and necrotic ulcer develops

A

CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX (Malignant Pustule)

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29
Q

Lesions are 1 – 3 cm in diameter and have a characteristic central black eschar.

A

CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX (Malignant Pustule)

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30
Q

Lesions are 1 – 3 cm in diameter and have a characteristic central black eschar.

A

CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX (Malignant Pustule)

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31
Q
A

PULMONARY ANTHRAX/WOOLSORTER’S DSS.

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32
Q

Early manifestations: marked hemorrhagic necrosis and edema of mediastinum; substernal pain is prominent

A

PULMONARY ANTHRAX/WOOLSORTER’S DSS.

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33
Q

Hemorrhagic pleural effusion follows; cough is secondary to the effects on trachea; sepsis occur; bowel ulceration; hemorrhagic meningitis

A

PULMONARY ANTHRAX/WOOLSORTER’S DSS.

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34
Q

acquired through ingestion of spores and affects either the oropharyngeal or the abdominal area.

A

GASTROINTESTINAL ANTHRAX/MILZBRAND

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35
Q

o oropharyngealsymptomsincludesorethroat, lymphadenopathy and edema of throat and chest.

o Abdominal symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting and bloody diarrhea are clinical signs.

A

GASTROINTESTINAL ANTHRAX/MILZBRAND

36
Q

In gram staining B. anthracis, the bacteriologic smear could be

A

Exudate, pus, sputum or blood

37
Q

Serological tests for Bacillus anthracis

A

ASCOLI test
ELISA
Microhemagglutination

38
Q

Fried rice Bacillus

A

Bacillus cereus

39
Q

a very close relative to Bacillus anthracis, found within the soil.

A

Bacillus cereus

40
Q

spores are NOT killed by BOILING

A

Bacillus cereus

41
Q

Habitat: vegetative cells and spores ubiquitous in nature, may transiently colonize skin or GIT or respiratory

A

Bacillus cereus

42
Q

Small shiny, compact to large, feathery, spreading type, maybe “MEDUSA head”, frosted glass colonies

A

Bacillus cereus

43
Q

Penicillin resistant, beta – hemolytic, MOTILE, produces a wide zone of lecithinase on egg yolk agar

A

Bacillus cereus

44
Q

Virulence Factors of Bacillus cereus

A

Enterotoxins (ST and LT)
Cerelysin
Phospolipase C
Pyogenic Toxin

45
Q

common LABORATORY CONTAMINANTS

A

Bacillus subtilis

46
Q

Hay fever

A

Bacillus subtilis

47
Q

used for antibiotic production

A

Bacillus subtilis

48
Q

Treatment of infection with Bacillus subtilis

A

β – lactam antibiotics

49
Q

Diagnostic tests for B. subtilis

A

i. Ascoli Test (Precipitin Test)
ii. Catalase Test
iii. Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test

50
Q

differentiates Bacillus from Clostridium

A

Catalase test

51
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Group

A

C. diphtheriae
C. ulcerans
C. pseudotuberculosis

52
Q

clubbed or irregularly shaped

A

Corynebacterium spp.

53
Q

“coryneform or diphtheroid “ bacteria

A

Corynebacterium spp.

54
Q

“Kleb-loeffler’s bacillus”

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

55
Q

Habitat: human nasopharynx but only in carrier state

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

56
Q

pleomorphic, club-shaped “picket-fence” or “Chinese characters”

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

57
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
CULTURE and ISOLATION:

Gray black after 48 hrs.
May be both large and small and flat or convex

A

Cystine–Tellurite agar

58
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
CULTURE and ISOLATION:

Dark brown to black with brown to black halos

A

Tinsdale’s agar

59
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
CULTURE and ISOLATION:

Pleomorphic appearance, arranged side by side
Display metachromatic granules – “ Babes-Ernst granules”

A

Loeffler agar

60
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae virulence factor:

A

DIPTHERIA TOXIN

61
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae virulence factor:

A

DIPTHERIA TOXIN

62
Q

a potent exotoxin that destroys host cells by inhibiting protein synthesis

A

DIPTHERIA TOXIN

63
Q

Pathology/Spectrum of Dss of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

RESPIRATORY DIPTHERIA
CUTANEOUS DIPHTHERIA

64
Q

a pharyngitis characterized by the development of an exudative membrane that covers the tonsils and pharyngeal wall.

A

RESPIRATORY DIPTHERIA

65
Q

• Barcoo rot
• Slow healing ulcers and membrane formation
• Complication is less common

A

CUTANEOUS DIPHTHERIA

66
Q

an animal pathogen causing mastitis in domestic animals

A

Corynebacterium ulcerans

67
Q

MOT: contact with animals and/or ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products

A

Corynebacterium ulcerans

68
Q

MOT: contact with animals and/or ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products

A

Corynebacterium ulcerans

69
Q

an animal pathogen causing granulomatous lymphadenitis in humans

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

70
Q

Virulence factor of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

dermonecrotic toxin; can also produce diphtheria toxin

71
Q

MOT of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

contact with animals

72
Q

Motile with the characteristic of tumbling motility

A

Listeria monocytogenes

73
Q

Gram positive coccobacilli, in singly or short chains resembling streptococci

A

Listeria monocytogenes

74
Q

Culture: small, smooth, translucent grayish blue colonies surrounded by a narrow zone of beta hemolysis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

75
Q

SIM: umbrella-shaped / inverted Christmas tree at 25°C but not at 35°C

A

Listeria monocytogenes

76
Q

VF of Listeria monocytogenes

A

Flagella
Endotoxin –Listeriolysin O (hemolytic & cytotoxic)

77
Q

Pathology of Listeria monocytogenes

A
  1. Granulomatosisinfantiseptica
  2. Neonatalmeningitis
  3. Septicemia
78
Q

Specimens for diagnosis of listeriosis

A

blood, swabs of lesions and CSF

79
Q

Specimens for diagnosis of listeriosis

A

blood, swabs of lesions and CSF

80
Q

“red disease”

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

81
Q

“red disease”

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

82
Q

Only species in the genus that cause human disease; not part of the human flora

A
83
Q

Only species in the genus that cause human disease; not part of the human flora

A
84
Q
A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

85
Q

Gelatin stab culture – “pipe cleaner” or “test tube brush” pattern at 22 deg. Celsius

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

86
Q

localized skin infection that resembles streptococcal erysipelas; self- limiting

A

Erysipeloid

P2: Bacteriology (11 decks)

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