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b.Zooth 318 > VI. The Sow > Flashcards

VI. The Sow Flashcards

1
Q

time interval from weaning to service

A

dry period

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2
Q

a good sow should come back into heat & be ready for service within ____ days after weaning

A

3 to 7

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3
Q

signs of poor management practice

A
  1. low conception rate
  2. abortion
  3. Small litter size at birth & weaning
  4. Impaired reproduction
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4
Q

Lactation period should only be _____ to shorten dry period

A

6 weeks

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5
Q

How many times will you check heat occurrence in a day

A

twice

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6
Q

time during which the sow will accept the boar

A

heat period or estrus

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7
Q

ovulation takes place ____ after the onset of estrus

A

40 hours

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8
Q

sperm cell lives only _______ hours in the reproductive tract of female

A

28 – 48

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9
Q

this stage that conception & early development of the embryo takes place

A

1st 3-4 weeks

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10
Q

Advantages of early pregnancy detection

A
  1. It makes possible to cull or re-breed non pregnant, feed wasting females
  2. Allows closer grouping of a number of sows for a farrowing period
  3. It gives early warning for breeding troubles such as infantile boars or cystic ovaries
  4. enables the producer to make more effective use of his breeding facilities & to plan more adequately for farrowing, nursing & finishing
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11
Q

PREPARATIONS FOR FARROWING

A
  1. Prepare the sow
  2. Prepare the farrowing pen
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12
Q

Preparing the farrowing pen (4)

A
  1. Place guard rails to prevent sow from crushing the piglets
  2. Check water supply
  3. Place an artificial or supplemental heat for piglets
  4. Place light and absorbent beddings
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13
Q

SIGNS OF FARROWING

A
  1. Nest making (nudging of hurdles, walls & flooring, biting of hurdles & guard rails)
  2. ‘dog sitting’ position
  3. Distension & enlargement of udder of the sow
  4. Enlargement & swelling of the vulva
  5. Small round size of sow’s manure & frequent urination
  6. Milk letdown – the sow is to farrow in 24 hours
  7. Mucous discharge with meconium
  8. Signs of labor
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14
Q

kg of feed per day given at stage 1

A

2.0

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15
Q

kg of feed per day given at stage 2

A

2.0

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16
Q

stage in which we must bring the sow in the right body condition

A

stage 2

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17
Q

it increases the sow’s capacity to eat a lot of feed which is advantageous later in the lactation period

A

roughage

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18
Q

kg of feed per day given to the pregnant sow 1 month before farrowing if she is thin

A

2.5 - 3.0

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19
Q

kg of feed per day given to the pregnant sow 1 month before farrowing if she is fat and want to slim her down

A

1.5 + 0.5 - 1.0 roughage

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20
Q

roughage can be given as early in stage?

A

stage 2

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21
Q

kg of feed per day given at stage 3

A
  1. 5 (+ 0.5 – 1.0)
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22
Q

kg of feed per day given at stage 4

A

2.0

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23
Q

kg of feed per day given at stage 5

A

0

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24
Q

weight of embryo in 30th day

A

40 grams

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25
Q

weight of embryo in 60th day

A

100 grams

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26
Q

weight of embryo in 90th day

A

400 grams

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27
Q

weight of embryo in 115th day

A

1400 grams (1.4 kg)

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28
Q

deworming

A

7-14 days before farrowing

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29
Q

Mange treatment

A

14 & 7 days before breeding

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30
Q

Washing, scrubbing & spraying with disinfectant of pregnant sows

A

Before farrowing & before transfer to the farrowing pen

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31
Q

Pseudorabies

A

3 weeks before farrowing

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32
Q

E. coli bacteria

A

2 wks before farrowing

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33
Q

Suckling period could be from

A

28 days to 42 days

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34
Q

very critical & demanding at farrowing time

A

management

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35
Q

expelled when sow is finished giving birth

A

placenta

36
Q

Interval between piglets not be longer than

A

15 minutes

37
Q

farrowing hours

A

30 mins to 6 hours

38
Q

Assistance to sows should be given if the following is observed:

A

a. Restlessness
b. Excessive straining
c. Piglet interval is 45 minutes

39
Q

Farrowing problems are usually observed in

A

older, overweight & nervous sows

40
Q

Reasons why piglets are slow to be born

A
  1. Large piglet is stuck in the birth canal
  2. Piglets coming out at the same time
  3. Exhausted sow for farrowing quite sometimes
  4. Farrowing house is to warm
41
Q

Procedure for assistance in farrowing

A

a. Wash the sow’s vulva & its surrounding to remove organic matter & dirt
b. Wash hands & lubricate
c. Insert hand slowly into the vagina, then to the cervix. The uterus will be either straight ahead or down over the brim of the pelvis
d. When your hand is in the uterus, you can palpate the piglets head or hind legs, then pull it out. If 2 piglets are stuck, push one back &synchronize the pulling with the contraction of the sow. Avoid tearing the vagina, cervix & uterus to avoid problems with metritis.
e. In case you cannot palpate a piglet, that’s the only time OXYTOCIN is used

42
Q

accounts for 5 to 7% of all piglets born or 1 piglet for every 2 litters

A

Stillbirths

43
Q

used to detect piglets that died from stillbirth

A

lung floatation method

44
Q

Causes for stillbirths

A

a. Increased farrowing time
b. Warm farrowing room
c. Piglets born towards the end of farrowing

45
Q

drug to induce farrowing

A

prostaglandin

46
Q

One of the most abrupt &major changes for many animals

A

birth

47
Q

PIGLET CARE & MANAGEMENT

A
  1. Navel cord care
  2. Teeth clipping and tail docking
  3. Brooder
  4. Ear notching
  5. Colostrum
  6. Fostering
  7. Splay legs
48
Q

navel cord falls off on its own how many hours after birth

A

6 hours

49
Q

if the piglet is bleeding from the navel, tie it with a clean string ____from the body

A

1inch

50
Q

clipped to avoid damage to the udder of the sow & to prevent fighting wounds among piglets

A

needle teeth

51
Q

practiced to minimize tail biting problems during weaning &fattening stages

A

tail docking

52
Q

ideal brooding temperature

A

30 to 32 degree celcius

53
Q

two _________ or ________ electric bulb used during early morning from1:00 to 4:00 a.m.

A

75 watt or three 50-watt

54
Q

done after birth to identify animals

A

ear notching

55
Q

specialized proteins that by-pass the stomach & are absorbed thru the intestinal lining directly into the blood stream

A

colostrum

56
Q

type of immunity newborns have

A

passive immunity

57
Q

passive absorption of immunoglobulin from colostrum is lost ____ after birth

A

36 hours

58
Q

Predispose occurrence of splay leg

A
  1. Slippery floors
  2. Genetics
  3. Exposure to low temperature
59
Q

important mineral necessary for the formation of hemoglobin

A

Iron (Fe)

60
Q

preferred route of administration of iron

A

Injection (Parenteral)

61
Q

signs of iron deficiency/nutritional anemia

A
  1. Loss of appetite
  2. Emaciation
  3. Restlessness
  4. Poor hair & skin condition which cause “sluggish impression” in piglets
  5. Slow growth
  6. Paleness
  7. Hard breathing (thumping)
62
Q

Piglets may suffer from iron toxicity with dose of

A

600 mg/kg bw

63
Q

Signs of iron toxicity in 3 to 10-day-old piglets

A
  1. depressed feed intake and rate of gain
  2. rickets
  3. death
64
Q

best time to castrate

A

1 to 2 wks of age

65
Q

Reminders before performing castration

A
  1. Check whether all young boars are healthy. Postpone castration in case of illness
  2. Check if there are piglets with hernia to avoid complications
  3. Clean the pen properly
  4. Do not transfer the piglets before & after castration to avoid stress
66
Q

RISKS/ COMPLICATIONS OF CASTRATION

A
  1. Castration abscess
  2. Post castration hernia
  3. Hemorrhage
67
Q

Advantages of castration

A
  1. It reduces if not eliminate the obnoxious boar odor
  2. It avoids accidental breeding
  3. Castrates are easier to handle because they are docile
68
Q

Disadvantages of castration

A
  1. Castrates on restricted ration grow slower & have higher FCR than boars
  2. Boars have better slaughter quality (high percentage of 1st class carcass)
  3. Stress & shower growth after castration
  4. Time consuming & rough job
69
Q

average milk production of sows per day

A

7.5 - 9.5 liters

70
Q

peak production of milk occurs between

A

3rd to 4th week

71
Q

Overfeeding of sow may cause

A

scouring or diarrhea in piglets

72
Q

kg of feed per day 4-7 days after farrowing

A

4.0

73
Q

kg of feed per day 8 days after farrowing until day of weaning

A

2.0 (+3 per piglet or +/- 0.5 depending on body conditiion)

74
Q

kg of feed/day day after weaning up to service

A

3.5 - 4.0

75
Q

kg of feed/day on day of weaning

A

0

76
Q

flushing has maximum of

A

10 days

77
Q

Not recommended for lactating sows

A

Roughage and voluminous feeds

78
Q

Points of interest if the sow cannot consume the ration given

A

a. Wet feeding result to higher consumption than dry feeding
b. Pellets are better than mash or meal
c. Feed the sow many times a day in divided ration or adlib
d. High temperature in the pen results to less feed intake

79
Q

good indicators of adequate lactating sow nutrition

A
  1. weight of 28n days old piglet is 7.5 kgs
  2. duration between weaning & post weaning heat is 4 – 7 days
80
Q

Pigs less than 7 days old utilize only

A

glucose and lactose

81
Q

pigs 7-10 days old can utilize

A

fructose and sucrose

82
Q

Feeding fructose & sucrose to piglets less than 7 days old results

A
  1. severe diarrhea
  2. weight loss
  3. high mortality
83
Q

Pre-starters can be given to piglets as early as

A

7 days old

84
Q

play a significant role in disease prevention (3)

A
  1. Animal husbandry practices
  2. Building design
  3. Nutrition
85
Q

Common post-farrowing problems

A
  1. MMA syndrome
  2. Post-farrowing paralysis
  3. Retained placenta
  4. Vaginal/uterine prolapse
  5. Dystocia
86
Q

DIARRHEA IN PIGLETS

A
  1. E. coli
  2. Transmissible Gastroenteritis virus

b.Zooth 318 (8 decks)

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