Glossary of Terms Flashcards
slaughter house
abbatoir
tear in the skin due to friction or rubbing
abrasion
expulsion of fetuses; expulsion of fully developed piglets before the completion of pregnancy and before they are able to survive
abortion
adjustment of the breeding pig to the conditions prevailing in the farm to which it has been introduced to enable it to perform to optimum standards
acclimatization
the state or quality to be reached
accessibility
collective
accumulative
condition in which the acidity of the body fluids & tissues is abnormally high
acidosis
referring to a disease which has a rapid onset, short course & pronounced signs
acute
failure to secrete milk following birth; absence of milk
agalactia
management method wherein a group of fattening pigs enters the unit at the same time and leaves together at a certain period once they reach the market weight
all in/all out
what are the main symptoms of anemia?
paleness, hurried breathing & low resistance to infection
any drug or chemical used to destroy parasitic worms
anthelmintic
a chemical substance derived from a mold or bacteria that inhibit the growth of another microorganism
antibiotic
a protein substance developed or synthesized by lymphoid tissues of the body in response to an antigenic stimulus
antibody
True or False.
In disease defense, the animal must have an encounter with the pathogens/ antigen before a specific antibody is developed in its blood.
True
a high molecular-weight substance (usually a protein) which, when foreign to the bloodstream of the animal, stimulates formation of a specific antibody
antigen
a chemical substances that prevents the growth & development of microorganism
antiseptic
suffocation
Asphyxiation
inflammation of the joints
arthritis
shaky movements & unsteady gait
ataxia
shrinkage of a normal organ
atrophy
the presence of bacteria or microorganism in the blood
bacteremia
male pig of any age that is usually intended for breeding
boar
animals used for reproduction (sows, gilts, boars,)
breeders
small broken blood vessels
bruises
to make a hole
burrow
removal of testes
castration
referring to a disease condition that is continuous and long lasting
chronic
referring to direct observation
clinical
the 1st secretion of the breast, occurring shortly after or sometimes before birth. It contains serum, while blood cells & antibodies
colostrum
act of fertilization
conception
percentage of sows that become pregnant after service
conception rate
a condition or disease that has affected the animal since birth
congenital
an organism is inside the pig’s body without causing any clinical damage or disease
contamination
can be easily transferred
contagious
of disinfectant used to increase solubility & applied in 2-4 solution
cresol
place for piglets inside the following/rearing pen
creep area
mainly due to crumpling
crushing
a thin, hard, dry layer on the surface
crusts
all unwanted animals removed from the herd
culls
the removal of undesirable or unproductive animals within the herd
culling
bluish discoloration of the extremities due to circulatory disturbances
cyanosis
an ovary containing an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid or semi solid material, with a membranous lining
cystic ovary
a mother pig
dam
loss of body fluids
dehydration
a pig which has been sold for slaughter
delivered/market pig
fecal looseness
diarrhea
a selection or combination of different feedstuffs provided in a continuous schedule
diet/ration
gross energy minus fecal energy
Digestible Energy
a chemical capable of destroying disease-causing microorganism or parasites
disinfectant
moisture
draft
carcass weight; weight after slaughtering and removal of entrails
dressed weight
the time interval from weaning to service
dry period
non-pregnant sows; unbred sow which has just been weaned
dry sows
where fatteners are supposed to defecate
dunging area
difficulty in breathing
dyspnea
difficulty of farrowing
Dystocia
swelling of the part or all of the body due to accumulation of excess water
edema
excessive loss of flesh
emaciation
the final/market weight
end weight
vigor or power in action
energy
period of sexual receptivity in female; heat period
estrus
relating to or affecting the intestine
enteric
a painful infection in the intestine
enteritis
endemic; denoting a disease of animals which indigenous to a certain locality
enzootic
any fluid that has move out of a tissue or its capillaries, because of injury or inflammation
exudate
the act giving birth in sow
farrowing
an equipment where a sow is placed before farrowing until weaning to avoid crushing piglets
farrowing crate
a pig raised for pork/meat consumption; fattener weight usually starts at 15 – 20 kg
fattener
the number of days a pig stays on a farm for fattening until marketing
fattening days
dung, stool, manure waste
feces
the amount of feed to convert one kilogram of gain in weight
feed conversion ratio
the amount of feed consumed by the pig
feeds consumed
constructed or fabricated device where feeds are placed for pig consumption
feed trough
any material suitable for animal feed
feedstuff
a young organism in the uterus from the time the organ system has been developed until its birth
fetus
given to fattener of 60 kg until market weight with CP of 14%
finisher
pig which are 60 kgs and up
finisher
act of transferring of piglets from one sow to another
fostering
very thin & pale
gaunt
pregnancy time from conception to birth
gestation
young female pig under one year of age & has not yet been given birth
gilt
protrusion of an organ or tissue out of a body cavity in which it normally lies
hernia
the existence of vigor or performance in crossbred animal that is higher than the average of both parents. It is also known as hybrid vigor
heterosis
a substance produced by the cells of the body & passed in the blood stream to influence other cells elsewhere in the body
hormone
practice/measures designed to attain & preserve health
hygiene
redness of a part of an organ, can be a part of the skin, liver etc.
hyperemia
the presence in the blood of an abnormally low concentration of calcium
hypocalcemia
a deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream, causing muscular weakness & incoordination, mental confusion & sweating
hypoglycemia
specific resistance of an animal against disease-causing organism
immunity
a disease caused by an organism
infection
production of milk
lactation
swelling
inflammation
disease and infections that are naturally transmitted from animal to man
Zoonotic disease
the period from farrowing until weaning; period when the sow is nursing the piglets
lactation period
the animal lies on its side
Lateral recumbency
an infection disease which begins with a fever & may affect the liver (causing jaundice) or meninges (resulting in meningitis)
leptospirosis
the added weight of a pig from one period to another
Weight gain
disruptive changes in a cell, tissue or organ of the animal when infected
lesion
a group of pigs born in one farrowing
litter
a young pig, separated from the sow, about 30 to 90 days old
Weanling
the number of farrowing of one sow per year
Litter index or Farrowing index
number of farrowing/parities
Litter number
the number of pigs born in one litter
Litter size
the weight of all live pigs
Liveweight
the number of the days sow is neither pregnant nor lactating nor dry; ideally about 7 days
Lost days
type of disinfectant which contains approximately 94% sodium hydroxide
Lye
the final weight of a pig for slaughtering/marketing
Market weight
inflammation of breast or mammary gland
Mastitis
the first feces of a newborn which are sticky and brown
Meconium
inflammation of the uterus
Metritis
number of affected animals
Morbidity
number of dead pigs
Mortality
a viscous fluid secreted by mucous membranes in many parts of the body, including the mouth, bronchial passages & gut; it acts as protective barrier over surfaces of the membranes
Mucous
death of a tissues
Necrosis
the chemical substance found in feed materials that can be used, and are necessary for the maintenance, production & health; the chief classes are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins & water
Nutrients
extremely unpleasant
Obnoxious
the number of days an animal stay in a pen
Occupancy
connected with the sense of smell
Olfactory
a titanic spasm in which the spine & extremities are bent with convexity forward, the body resting on the head & the heels, sometimes with bulging of the eyes
Opisthotonos
the release of egg cell or ovum from the ovary
Ovulation
a hormone which is mainly responsible for uterine contraction and milk flow
Oxytocin
a medical treatment that will not cure a problem but will reduce the pain
Palliative
medical examination done by touching the body
Palpate
loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury or disease of the nerve supply
Paralysis
number of farrowing
Parities
disease causing organism
Pathogens
the ability of the organism to cause damage or disease
Pathogenic
a strong material in the pelvis that holds the origin in its place
Pelvic ligament
symbol for logarithm of thereciprocal of the (H) ion concentration
pH
the number of piglets born alive in one farrowing
Piglets born alive per litter
the organ of metabolic interchange between the fetuses and the sow
Placenta
scab
Plaques
inflammation of the pleura or the membranous covering of the lungs
Pleuritis
inflammation of the lungs usually manifested by coughing
Pneumonia
given to piglets at 14 – 21 days of age with a CP of 20%
Pre-starter feed
the period from fertilization to farrowing time; also known as gestation
Pregnancy
money obtained from sales
Proceeds
the period from one pregnancy to another
Production cycle
abnormal protrusion of a part of organ
Prolapse
preventive
Prophylactic
severe
Profuse
a hormone which is mainly responsible for the termination of farrowing, it also causes abortion or premature farrowing
Prostaglandin
losing strength, energy
Prostration
itching
Pruritus
false pregnancy
Pseudo pregnancy
sexual maturity exhibited by 1st heat or ovulation
Puberty
the average number of piglets reared
Reared piglets per sow per year
female pigs primarily raised for breeding purposes
Rearing boars/replacement gilts
placing all animals that have been bought in isolation for a certain period of time; compulsory segregation of exposed susceptible animals for a period of time equal to the longest usual incubation period of the disease to which they have been exposed. An enforced regulation for the exclusion or isolation of an animal to prevent the spread of a disease.
Quarantine
surfactant commonly used for general disinfection of dairy, meat- packing & food handling equipment
Quaternary ammonium compound
not able to stand; too weak to stand
Recumbent
happening or appearing repeatedly
Recurrent
the total process by which pigs produce offspring
Reproduction
inflammation of the turbinate
Rhinitis
a disease in which the bone do not harden & are malformed due to a deficiency of vitamin D
Rickets
feed consisting of bulky & coarse plant parts; containing high fiber & low digestible nutrients, arbitrarily defined as fed over 18% crude fiber; classified as earlier dry or green
Roughage
a pathogenic, diarrhea-producing organism, of which there are over 100 known stains, sometimes present in contaminated feeds
Salmonella
provisions means whereby health is protected or arrangement for disposal of manure or waste
Sanitation
fecal looseness; diarrhea
Scour
bag of flesh that contains the testicles
Scrotum
feeding device used for ad-libitum feeding practices
Self-feeder
the colorless fluid portion of the blood remaining after clotting & removal of corpuscles
Serum
the act of breeding
Service
weight loss
Shrinkage
a thin narrow piece of wood, metal, iron etc. used for flooring in the pens
Slat
long nose of the pig
Snout
mature female pig; one that has given birth
Sow
an involuntary muscular contraction; if painful, usually referred to as a cramp, if violent, a convulsion
Spasm
the cord, consisting of the vas deferens, nerves & blood vessels, that runs from the abdominal cavity to the testicle of scrotum
Spermatic cord
legs that are spread further apart
Splay leg
not fresh
Stale
given to piglets & weaners usually at 45 days (10kgs) to +100 days old (30- 35 kgs) with CP at 18%
Starter feed
pig form 15 – 30 kgs
Starters
initial weight
Starting weight
the animal lies on its chest
Sternal recumbency
a fully developed piglet which was born dead
Still born
worksheet which allows a pig raiser to program and plan the number of gilts and boars to be purchased and mated at any given time in order to achieve the targeted population in a pig farm with a specified level of production
Stock projection sheet
a group of organisms having special properties distinguishing them from other members of the same species
Strains
stopped growth
Stunted
describing a disease that is suspected but is not sufficient developed to produce definite signs & symptoms of the animal
Sub-clinical
prevention of breathing
Suffocation
happening at the same time
Synchronize
a young pig from birth up to weaning
Suckling
monitoring data which will enable the pig raiser to have a clear understanding of the farm results and the status of the farm performance
Technical parameters
a boar used in crossbreeding program for the production of slaughter pigs
Terminal sire
spasm and writing of the muscles, particularly those of the face, hands and feet
Tetany
tied to a post or tree
Tethered
condition where blood contains poisonous products produced by the body cells from microorganism
Toxemia
poison
Toxin
pigs produced from the mating of a two-breed crossbred sow to selected terminal sire of different breed
Triple cross pigs
composed of treats and mammary glands
Udder
a state which the uterine muscles are floppy, lacking their normal elasticity
Uterine atony
a part of the female reproduction tract where the embryo is implanted to become a dully mature piglet ready for expulsion
Uterus
a suspension of killed microorganism (bacteria, viruses) administered for the prevention of infection disease
Vaccine
an injection of vaccine, bacterin, antiserum or antitoxin to produce immunity or tolerance to disease
Vaccination
a boar that has undergone vasectomy which is the excision of a segment of the vas deferens, performed to produce sterility
Vasectomized boar
one of a group of minute infectious agents
Virus
the external genitalia of the female
Vulva
the average number of piglets weaned from one sow for one year
Weaned piglets per sow per year
a pig which has been separated from it become a fully mature piglet
Weaner
the process of separating the young from its dam
Weaning
