VI - Hematologic System Flashcards
Vehicle that transports gases, nutrients, hormones and metabolic wastes, regulates pH and ion concentration of interstitial fluids, defense against towins and pathogens, stabilizes body temperature
blood
Fluid medium of blood, non-celuular, suspends cells
plasma
Plasma minus clotting factors
Serum
Composition of Plasma
water (90%), plasma protein (8%), inorganic salts (1%), lipids (0.5%), sugar (0.1%)
Process of forming blood cells in the bone marrow
Haemopoiesis
Site of blood cell formation beginning from the 3rd week AOG
yolk sac / Aortic Gonad Mesonephros (AGM) Region
Site of blood cell formation from the 3rd month AOG to birth
liver (with minor contributions from the spleen and LN)
Only source of blood cells postnatally, begins at the 4th month AOG
bone marrow
Hematopoiesis: all bone marrow are active
birth to puberty
Hematopoiesis: only bone marrow of the vertebra, ribs, sternum, skull, pelvis, proximal epiphyseal region of humerus are active
20 y.o. (fatty, yellow, inactive marrow)
Hematopoiesis: post-embryonic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a full-term infant is always
abnormal
Most abundant blood cells, gives blood its characteristic functions
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Transports hemoglobin (carries oxygen) from the lungs to tissues for use, transports CO2 (HCO3) from tissues to the lungs for expulsion, acts as an acid-base buffer for the blood (carbonic anhydrase)
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Catalyzes the reaction between CO2 and H2O to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Carbonic Anhydrase
Normal RBC Shape
biconcave disc with bag pliability
Creates the biconcave shape of RBCs
spectrin
RBCs have a _____ ration of SA to volume.
large SA:V
RBCs form _____ for smoother flow.
stacks
Protein inside the RBC that binds with oxygen
Hemoglobin
Normal Hemoglobin Levels
Males: 14-18 g/dL, Females: 12-18 g/dL
Percent of cells in whole blood
Hematocrit
Normal Hematocrit Levels
Males: 46 (40-54), Females: 42 (37-47)
Composed of 4 polypeptide subunits (2 alpha, 2 beta), transports 97% of oxygen
Hemoglobin
2 Succinyl-CoA + 2 Glycine
Pyrrole
Protoporphyrin IX + Fe2+
Heme
Heme + Polypeptide
Hemoglobin Chain
2 α-chains + 2 β-chains
Hemoglobin A
Hemoglobin: most common form of in adults
Hemoglobin A (2α2β)
Hemoglobin: has a higher affinity for O2 compared to HbA
Hemoglobin F (2α2γ)
Essential metallic component of heme
Iron
Total Body Iron
4-5 g
RBC: last stage with a nucleus, ER reabsorbed
Orthochromatic Erythroblast
RBC: no nucleus, (+) remnants of Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and other organelles, released into the blood
Reticulocytes
RBC: hormone stimulating RBC production
Erythropoietin (EPO)
RBC: main stimulus for EPO production
hypoxia
RBC: main stimulus for EPO production
hypoxia
RBC: effect of EPO takes
5 days
RBC: last stage with a nucleus
Orthochromatic Erythroblast
RBC: released into the blood
Reticulocytes
RBC: time to convert reticulocytes to mature RBCs
1-2 days
RBC: no nucleus, no mitochondria, no ER
mature RBCs
RBC: lifespan of adult RBCs
120 days
RBC: lifespan of fetal RBCs
90 days
