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Physiology > VI - Hematologic System > Flashcards

VI - Hematologic System Flashcards

1
Q

Vehicle that transports gases, nutrients, hormones and metabolic wastes, regulates pH and ion concentration of interstitial fluids, defense against towins and pathogens, stabilizes body temperature

A

blood

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2
Q

Fluid medium of blood, non-celuular, suspends cells

A

plasma

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3
Q

Plasma minus clotting factors

A

Serum

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4
Q

Composition of Plasma

A

water (90%), plasma protein (8%), inorganic salts (1%), lipids (0.5%), sugar (0.1%)

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5
Q

Process of forming blood cells in the bone marrow

A

Haemopoiesis

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6
Q

Site of blood cell formation beginning from the 3rd week AOG

A

yolk sac / Aortic Gonad Mesonephros (AGM) Region

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7
Q

Site of blood cell formation from the 3rd month AOG to birth

A

liver (with minor contributions from the spleen and LN)

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8
Q

Only source of blood cells postnatally, begins at the 4th month AOG

A

bone marrow

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9
Q

Hematopoiesis: all bone marrow are active

A

birth to puberty

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10
Q

Hematopoiesis: only bone marrow of the vertebra, ribs, sternum, skull, pelvis, proximal epiphyseal region of humerus are active

A

20 y.o. (fatty, yellow, inactive marrow)

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11
Q

Hematopoiesis: post-embryonic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a full-term infant is always

A

abnormal

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12
Q

Most abundant blood cells, gives blood its characteristic functions

A

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

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13
Q

Transports hemoglobin (carries oxygen) from the lungs to tissues for use, transports CO2 (HCO3) from tissues to the lungs for expulsion, acts as an acid-base buffer for the blood (carbonic anhydrase)

A

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

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14
Q

Catalyzes the reaction between CO2 and H2O to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)

A

Carbonic Anhydrase

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15
Q

Normal RBC Shape

A

biconcave disc with bag pliability

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16
Q

Creates the biconcave shape of RBCs

A

spectrin

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17
Q

RBCs have a _____ ration of SA to volume.

A

large SA:V

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18
Q

RBCs form _____ for smoother flow.

A

stacks

19
Q

Protein inside the RBC that binds with oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

20
Q

Normal Hemoglobin Levels

A

Males: 14-18 g/dL, Females: 12-18 g/dL

21
Q

Percent of cells in whole blood

A

Hematocrit

22
Q

Normal Hematocrit Levels

A

Males: 46 (40-54), Females: 42 (37-47)

23
Q

Composed of 4 polypeptide subunits (2 alpha, 2 beta), transports 97% of oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

24
Q

2 Succinyl-CoA + 2 Glycine

A

Pyrrole

25
Q

Protoporphyrin IX + Fe2+

A

Heme

26
Q

Heme + Polypeptide

A

Hemoglobin Chain

27
Q

2 α-chains + 2 β-chains

A

Hemoglobin A

28
Q

Hemoglobin: most common form of in adults

A

Hemoglobin A (2α2β)

29
Q

Hemoglobin: has a higher affinity for O2 compared to HbA

A

Hemoglobin F (2α2γ)

30
Q

Essential metallic component of heme

A

Iron

31
Q

Total Body Iron

A

4-5 g

32
Q

RBC: last stage with a nucleus, ER reabsorbed

A

Orthochromatic Erythroblast

33
Q

RBC: no nucleus, (+) remnants of Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and other organelles, released into the blood

A

Reticulocytes

34
Q

RBC: hormone stimulating RBC production

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

35
Q

RBC: main stimulus for EPO production

A

hypoxia

36
Q

RBC: main stimulus for EPO production

A

hypoxia

37
Q

RBC: effect of EPO takes

A

5 days

38
Q

RBC: last stage with a nucleus

A

Orthochromatic Erythroblast

39
Q

RBC: released into the blood

A

Reticulocytes

40
Q

RBC: time to convert reticulocytes to mature RBCs

A

1-2 days

41
Q

RBC: no nucleus, no mitochondria, no ER

A

mature RBCs

42
Q

RBC: lifespan of adult RBCs

A

120 days

43
Q

RBC: lifespan of fetal RBCs

A

90 days

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