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BLOCK POSTING 2 > VHF > Flashcards

VHF Flashcards

1
Q

Front

A

Back

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2
Q

What are Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs)?

A

Multi-system syndromes caused by enveloped ssRNA viruses, characterized by diffuse vascular damage and severe clinical events.

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3
Q

What are the key features of VHFs?

A

Enzootic diseases with incidental human cases, historic geographic localization, and potential use as bioterrorism weapons.

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4
Q

What are the four families of VHFs?

A

Filoviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Flaviviridae.

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5
Q

What are examples of Filoviridae viruses?

A

Ebola virus and Marburg virus.

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6
Q

What are examples of Arenaviridae viruses?

A

Lassa virus, Junin virus, Machupo virus, Guanarito virus, Sabia virus.

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7
Q

What are examples of Bunyaviridae viruses?

A

Hantavirus, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus, Rift Valley Fever (RVF) virus.

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8
Q

What are examples of Flaviviridae viruses?

A

Yellow Fever virus, Dengue virus, Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever virus, Kyasanur Forest Disease virus.

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9
Q

What is the reservoir for Lassa virus?

A

Mastomys natalensis (Multimammate rat).

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10
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for Lassa virus?

A

Contact with rodent urine, feces, or contaminated materials; person-to-person transmission through body fluids.

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11
Q

What is the incubation period for Arenaviridae infections?

A

7-21 days.

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12
Q

What are the clinical features of Lassa fever?

A

Gradual onset of fever and malaise, progressing to hemorrhage, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and neurological signs.

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13
Q

What are the outcomes of Lassa fever?

A

Case fatality of 20% in hospitalized patients, high mortality in pregnant women, and significant risk of hearing loss in survivors.

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14
Q

What is the treatment for Arenaviridae infections?

A

IV ribavirin within the first 6 days of symptoms; no vaccine available yet.

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15
Q

What are Filoviridae viruses associated with?

A

Severe hemorrhagic fevers like Ebola and Marburg, with case fatality rates of 30-90%.

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16
Q

What is the transmission route for Filoviridae viruses?

A

Close contact with body fluids, nosocomial spread, reuse of needles, and exposure to infectious tissues.

17
Q

What are the clinical features of Ebola virus disease?

A

Abrupt onset of fever, chills, malaise, myalgia, and hemorrhagic symptoms; death often occurs 6-16 days after symptom onset.

18
Q

What is the reservoir for Bunyaviridae viruses?

A

Various vectors: mosquitoes (RVF), ticks (CCHF), and rodents (Hantavirus).

19
Q

What is the incubation period for Flaviviridae viruses like Yellow Fever?

A

3-6 days.

20
Q

What are the complications of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever?

A

Severe bleeding, shock, and worsened outcomes with serial infections of different serotypes.

21
Q

What are the diagnostic methods for VHFs?

A

Viral culture, PCR, electron microscopy, and serology (limited for some VHFs).

22
Q

What are the management strategies for VHFs?

A

Isolation, supportive care (fluid and electrolyte management, oxygen, blood pressure support), and avoiding antiplatelet drugs.

23
Q

What are the prevention methods for VHFs?

A

Use of insect repellents, rodent control, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and vaccination where available (e.g., Yellow Fever).

24
Q

What are the licensed vaccines for VHFs?

A

Vaccines for Yellow Fever, Kyasanur Forest Disease, and Ebola.

25
Q

What is the potential for VHFs as biological weapons?

A

High due to severe morbidity and mortality, social and economic disruption, and difficulty in diagnosis and containment.

26
Q

What are the infection control measures for VHFs?

A

Airborne and contact precautions, use of N-95 masks, double gloves, impermeable gowns, and negative pressure rooms.

27
Q

What are the common differential diagnoses for VHFs?

A

Malaria, typhoid, viral hepatitis, measles, bacterial sepsis, and meningococcemia.

BLOCK POSTING 2 (11 decks)

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