FOOD AND ENERGY REQUIREMENT

Question 1

What is food?

Answer 1

Physiologicallyfood is what is consumed to supply energy

Question 2

What is included in a diet?

Answer 2

All components an organism consumes including nutrients and water.

Question 3

What are macronutrients?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates (CHOs) lipids

Question 4

What are micronutrients?

Answer 4

Vitamins and minerals.

Question 5

What is energy in the context of food?

Answer 5

The capacity to do work measured in calories or joules

Question 6

What is the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Answer 6

The energy required for involuntary activities like cellular ion transport brain and heart activities

Question 7

How is BMR calculated?

Answer 7

BMR = 24 kcal × weight (kg).

Question 8

What is total metabolism?

Answer 8

The sum of all metabolic processes needed to sustain life including basal needs and physical activities.

Question 9

What is the equation for energy and nutrient balance?

Answer 9

Energy and nutrient intake = expenditure + changes in stored energy and nutrients.

Question 10

What are the aims of establishing energy and nutrient requirements?

Answer 10

To maintain appropriate body weight physical activity

Question 11

What is the primary energy source in the body?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates supplying about 50-60% of energy needs.

Question 12

What are the two classes of dietary carbohydrates?

Answer 12

Complex (e.g. starch

Question 13

What is the energy yield of carbohydrates?

Answer 13

4 kcal/g or 17 kJ/g.

Question 14

What are lipids?

Answer 14

Fats and fat-like substances including triglycerides

Question 15

What is the energy yield of lipids?

Answer 15

9 kcal/g or 37 kJ/g.

Question 16

What are the functions of lipids?

Answer 16

Energy storage cell membrane structure

Question 17

What percentage of daily caloric intake should lipids constitute?

Answer 17

Below 30% with at least 10% from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Question 18

What are proteins?

Answer 18

Polymers of amino acids that provide structural components enzymes

Question 19

What is the energy yield of proteins?

Answer 19

4 kcal/g or 17 kJ/g.

Question 20

What is the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for protein in adults?

Answer 20

0.6-0.8 g/kg body weight per day; higher during pregnancy.

Question 21

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 21

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet (e.g. lysine

Question 22

What is the difference between first-class and second-class proteins?

Answer 22

First-class proteins (animal sources) contain all essential amino acids; second-class proteins (plant sources) do not.

Question 23

What are vitamins?

Answer 23

Biologically active organic compounds essential for growth development

Question 24

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 24

Vitamins A D

Question 25

What are water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 25

Vitamins B-complex and C not stored in the body and excreted in urine.

Question 26

What are minerals?

Answer 26

Elements essential for human health functioning as enzyme components or cofactors (e.g.

Question 27

What are the factors affecting food and energy requirements?

Answer 27

Age sex

Question 28

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Answer 28

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