CVS INFECTIONS Flashcards
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What is the cardiovascular system composed of?
The heart, blood, and blood vessels.
What are the layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium (visceral pericardium), myocardium (muscle layer), and endocardium (inner layer).
What is myocarditis?
Inflammation of the myocardium, often associated with viral infection and lymphocyte infiltration.
What are common viruses causing myocarditis?
Coxsackie B3 and B5, adenoviruses, herpes viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, HIV, SARS-CoV-2.
What bacteria and fungi can cause myocarditis?
Brucella species, Haemophilus influenzae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Aspergillus species.
What is the treatment for myocarditis?
Management of heart failure; prognosis depends on symptom duration.
What is acute pericarditis?
Inflammation of the pericardium caused by infections (e.g., Coxsackievirus, tuberculosis) or non-infectious factors (e.g., trauma, uraemia).
What is infective endocarditis?
Microbial infection of heart valves or endocardium, often forming vegetations on valves.
What are common causes of infective endocarditis?
Viridans Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Enterococci, HACEK group bacteria, and fungi like Candida.
What is the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis?
Requires valve damage, turbulent blood flow, fibrin/platelet deposition, and seeding of bacteria from bacteremia.
What are the Duke criteria for diagnosing infective endocarditis?
2 major criteria, 1 major and 3 minor criteria, or 5 minor criteria.
What are complications of infective endocarditis?
Heart failure, perivalvular abscess, stroke, embolism, and mycotic aneurysms.
What is the treatment principle for infective endocarditis?
Bactericidal intravenous antibiotics for 4-6 weeks, surgery if necessary.
What is Lemierre’s syndrome?
Septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, usually caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum.
