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Unit II: Trunk > VHD Relationships Thorax > Flashcards

VHD Relationships Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What articulates at the sternocostal joints?

A

the sternum and ribs

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2
Q

What articulates at the costovertebral joints?

A

the ribs and thoracic vertebrae

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3
Q

What type of joints are the sternocostal and costovertebral joints?

A

plane (gliding)

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4
Q

What does the thorax include?

A

chest wall, pleural cavities, lungs, mediastinum, heart, pericardium, diaphragm

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5
Q

What muscles are in the chest wall?

A

intercostal and transversus thoracis muscles

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6
Q

Where do the external intercostal muscles pass?

A

rib to rib, oriented superior-lateral to inferior medial

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7
Q

Where do the internal intercostal muscles pass?

A

rib to rib; oriented superior-medial to inferior-lateral

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8
Q

Where do the transverse thoracis muscles pass?

A

posterior sternum to costal cartilages

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9
Q

What are the functions of the muscles of the chest wall?

A

elevate and depress ribs during respiration (intercostals and transverse thoracis)

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10
Q

Where does the diaphragm pass?

A

xiphoid process of sternum, lower ribs, lower ribs and costal cartilages, medial and lateral arcuate ligaments and lumbar vertebrae to the central tendon

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11
Q

What is the fascia covering the chest wall and diaphragm?

A

endothoracic fascia

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12
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

serous membrane applied to the lung surface and its interlobar fissures

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13
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

lines the chest wall, vertebral bodies and lateral mediastinal structures

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14
Q

What defines the line between the superior and inferior divisions of the medistinum?

A

imaginary line from sternal angle to T4-5 intervertebral disc

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15
Q

What vascular structures does the superior mediastinum contain?

A

aortic arch, brachipcephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian, and internal thoracic arteries brachiocephalic and internal thoracic veins

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16
Q

What visceral structures does the superior mediastinum contain?

A

esophagus, trachea, thoracic duct, thymic remnant, and lymph nodes

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17
Q

What nervous structures does the superior medistinum contain?

A

left recurrent laryngeal, vagus and phrenic nerves

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18
Q

What are the divisions of the inferior mediastinum?

A

anterior, middle and posterior

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19
Q

Where is the anterior mediastinum and what does it contain?

A

between the sternal body and pericardium; remnants of the thymus and lymph nodes

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20
Q

What organ does the middle mediastimum contain?

A

heart

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21
Q

What vascular structures does the middle mediastinum contain?

A

ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries, superior vena cava and pulmonary veins

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22
Q

What visceral structures does the middle mediastinum contain?

A

tracheal bifurcation, main bronchi and lymph nodes

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23
Q

What nervous structures does the middle mediastinum contain?

A

left recurrent laryngeal, vagus and phrenic nerves

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24
Q

Where is the posterior mediastinum positioned?

A

between the tracheal bifurcation and pericardium and the vertebral column

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25
Q

What vascular structures does the posterior mediastinum contain?

A

descending aorta, azygos and hemizygos veins

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26
Q

What visceral structures does the posterior mediastinum contain?

A

esophagus, thoracic duct, and lymph nodes

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27
Q

What nervous structures does the posterior mediastinum contain?

A

vagus and splanchnic nerves

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28
Q

this separates the superior and inferior lobes of the lungs

A

oblique fissure

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29
Q

this separates the superior and middle lobes of the right lung

A

horizontal fissure

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30
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

a subdivision of the lobes of the lungs that has a segmental bronchus and an adjacent segmental branch of the pulmonary artery

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31
Q

What is the path of blood flow in the heart?

A

deoxygenated blood–> superior or inferior vena cava –>right atrium –> right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve –> reight ventricle –> pulmonary valve and pulmonary trunk –> (oxygenated blood) –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> atrioventricular (mitral or bicuspid) valve –> left ventricle –> aortic valve –> ascending aorta

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32
Q

What separates the atria from ventricles?

A

coronary sulcus

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33
Q

What are the muscles on the inside of the right atrium?

A

pectinate muscles

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34
Q

What are the muscles in the right and left ventricles?

A

trabeculae carnae and papillary muscles (and chordae associated with the cusps of the tri and bi- cuspid valves)

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35
Q

What innervates the intercostal muscles?

A

intercostal nerves (motor and sensory)

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36
Q

What innervates the diaphragm and parietal pleura?

A

phrenic nerves (motor and sensory)

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37
Q

What innervates the thoracic viscera?

A

vagus (sensory and parasympathetic) and cardiopulmonary splanchnic (sensory and sympathetic) nerves

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38
Q

The intercostal nerves, arteries and veins are positioned _______ to the internal intercostal muscles.

A

deep

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39
Q

The intercostal nerves, arteries and veins are positioned deep to the ________ intercostal muscles.

A

internal

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40
Q

The ______ nerves, arteries and veins are positioned deep to the internal intercostal muscles.

A

intercostal

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41
Q

What are the four divisions of the parietal pleura?

A

costal, cupola, diaphragmatic and mediastinal

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42
Q

Where is the costal pleura?

A

lines the ribs (a division of the parietal pleura)

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43
Q

Where is the cupola?

A

overlies the apex of the lung (a division of the parietal pleura)

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44
Q

What does the diaphragmatic pleura line?

A

the diaphragm

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45
Q

What does the mediastinal pleura line?

A

the mediastinum (compartment between the two pleural cavities)

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46
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

space associated with the costal pleura to the diaphragmatic pleura

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47
Q

The pulmonary ligament extends _____ from the root of the lung.

A

inferior

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48
Q

The phrenic nerve passes _______ to the root of the lung.

A

anterior

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49
Q

The ________ is positioned posterior (deep) to the first six costal cartilages.

A

internal thoracic artery

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50
Q

The internal thoracic artery is positioned _______ to the first six costal cartilages.

A

posterior (deep)

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51
Q

The internal thoracic artery is positioned posterior (deep) to the ___________.

A

first six costal cartilages

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52
Q

The left phrenic nerve passes ______ to the root of the left lung.

A

anterior

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53
Q

The ______ nerve passes anterior to the root of the left lung.

A

left phrenic

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54
Q

The left phrenic nerve passes anterior to the root of the ______.

A

left lung

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55
Q

The left phrenic nerve is positioned ______ to the pericardial sac.

A

lateral

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56
Q

The ______ nerve is positioned lateral to the pericardial sac.

A

left phrenic

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57
Q

The left phrenic nerve is positioned lateral to the ________.

A

pericardial sac

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58
Q

The left phrenic nerve passes _____ to the ascending aorta.

A

lateral

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59
Q

The ______ nerve passes lateral to the ascending aorta.

A

left phrenic

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60
Q

The left phrenic nerve passes lateral to the _______.

A

ascending aorta

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61
Q

The right phrenic nerve is positioned ______ to the superior vena cava.

A

lateral

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62
Q

The ________ nerve is positioned lateral to the superior vena cava.

A

right phrenic

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63
Q

The right phrenic nerve is positioned lateral to the _____________.

A

superior vena cava

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64
Q

The right phrenic nerve is positioned _________ to the pericardial sac.

A

lateral

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65
Q

The ________ nerve is positioned lateral to the pericardial sac.

A

right phrenic

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66
Q

The right phrenic nerve is positioned lateral to the _______.

A

pericardial sac

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67
Q

The right phrenic nerve passes ______ to the root of the right lung.

A

anterior

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68
Q

The _______ nerve passes anterior to the root of the right lung.

A

right phrenic

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69
Q

The right phrenic nerve passes anterior to the root of the ______.

A

right lung

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70
Q

The arch of the aorta passes _______ to the pulmonary trunk.

A

superior

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71
Q

The ________ passes superior to the pulmonary trunk.

A

arch of aorta

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72
Q

The arch of the aorta passes superior to the ________.

A

pulmonary trunk

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73
Q

The left vagus nerve passes directly _____ to the arch of the aorta.

A

lateral

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74
Q

The _______ nerve passes directly lateral to the arch of the aorta.

A

left vagus

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75
Q

The left vagus nerve passes directly lateral to the _________.

A

arch of the aorta

76
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes _______ to the ligamentum arteriosum.

A

posterior

77
Q

The ______ nerve passes posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum.

A

left recurrent laryngeal

78
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes posterior to the _______.

A

ligamentum arteriosum

79
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes directly _____ to the arch of the aorta.

A

inferior

80
Q

The _______ nerve passes directly inferior to the arch of the aorta.

A

left recurrent laryngeal

81
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes directly inferior to the ______.

A

arch of the aorta

82
Q

The left vagus nerve passes ______ to the left main bronchus.

A

posterior

83
Q

The ______ nerve passes posterior to the left main bronchus.

A

left vagus

84
Q

The left vagus nerve passes posterior to the _______.

A

left main bronchus

85
Q

The right vagus nerve is positioned ______ to the trachea.

A

lateral

86
Q

The _______ nerve is positioned lateral to the trachea.

A

right vagus

87
Q

The right vagus nerve is positioned lateral to the ________.

A

trachea

88
Q

The right vagus nerve passes _______ to the arch of the azygos vein and ______ to the right main bronchus.

A

medial, posterior

89
Q

The ________ nerve passes medial to the arch of the azygos vein and posterior to the right main bronchus.

A

right vagus

90
Q

The right vagus nerve passes medial to the arch of the _______ and posterior to the ________.

A

azygos vein, right main bronchus

91
Q

The _____ is positioned lateral (right) to the ascending aorta.

A

superior vena cava

92
Q

The superior vena cava is positioned _____ to the ascending aorta.

A

lateral (right)

93
Q

The superior vena cava is positioned lateral (right) to the _____.

A

ascending aorta

94
Q

The _________ passes superior to the right main bronchus.

A

azygos vein (arch)

95
Q

The azygos vein (arch) passes ______ to the right main bronchus.

A

superior

96
Q

The azygos vein (arch) passes superior to the _____.

A

right main bronchus

97
Q

Do the external intercostal muscles extend all the way to the sternum?

A

No

98
Q

How can you identify the bronchus from the arteries/veins?

A

it is cartilagenous

99
Q

The pulmonary artery is ________ to the bronchus in the left lung.

A

superior

100
Q

The pulmonary artery is _______ to the bronchus in the right lung.

A

inferior

101
Q

The phrenic nerves are located between the ______ and the ________.

A

mediastinal pleura and pericardium

102
Q

The arch of the aorta is on the ____ side of the ________ mediastinum.

A

left, superior

103
Q

The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the _________.

A

ductus arteriosum

104
Q

The _____________ is a remnant of the ductus arteriosum.

A

ligamentum arteriosum

105
Q

The transverse pericardial sinus is positioned ________ to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

A

posterior

106
Q

The _________ is positioned posterior to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

A

transverse pericardial sinus

107
Q

The transverse pericardial sinus is positioned posterior to the ______________ and the ________.

A

ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk

108
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the _______ nerve.

A

vagus

109
Q

The azygos vein drains directly into the ______.

A

Superior vena cava

110
Q

The middle cardiac vein drains into the _______.

A

coronary sinus

111
Q

The _______ drains into the coronary sinus.

A

middle cardiac vein

112
Q

The left posterior ventricular vein drains into the origin of the _________ .

A

coronary sinus

113
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A

ridge of tissue where the rough and smooth walled portions of the right atrium meet

114
Q

The SA node is positioned where the ________ meets the base of the SVC.

A

crista terminalis

115
Q

The _______ is positioned where the crista terminalis meets the base of the SVC.

A

SA node

116
Q

The SA node is positioned where the crista terminalis meets the base of the ______.

A

SVC

117
Q

The A-V node is located in the _______ immediately superior to the opening of the coronary sinus.

A

interarterial wall

118
Q

The ________ is located in the interatrial wall immediately superior to the opening of the coronary sinus.

A

AV node

119
Q

The A-V node is located in the interatrial wall immediately superior to the opening of the _________.

A

coronary sinus

120
Q

The ________ extends between the base of the anterior papillary muscle and the interventricular septum.

A

septomarginal trabecula

121
Q

The septomarginal trabecula extends between the base of the ______________ muscle and the ________ septum.

A

anterior papillary, interventricular septum

122
Q

The fatty tissue posterior to the manubrium of the sternum is most likely the remnant of the ________ .

A

Thymus

123
Q

The_______ passes anterior to the subclavian artery and then posterior to the right main bronchus.

A

right vagus nerve

124
Q

The right vagus nerve passes anterior to the subclavian artery and then posterior to the ________________.

A

right main bronchus

125
Q

The right vagus nerve passes _______ to the subclavian artery and then ___________ to the right main bronchus..

A

anterior, posterior

126
Q

The ________ is positioned posterior to the trachea.

A

esophagus

127
Q

The esophagus is positioned ___________ to the trachea.

A

posterior

128
Q

The esophagus is positioned posterior to the _______.

A

traches

129
Q

The _______ passes posterior to the left main bronchus.

A

esophagus

130
Q

The esophagus passes posterior to the _______________________.

A

Left main bronchis

131
Q

The esophagus passes ________ to the left main bronchus.

A

posterior

132
Q

The descending (thoracic) aorta passes posterior to the ____________.

A

Left main bronchus

133
Q

The _____________a passes posterior to the left main bronchus.

A

descending thoracic artery

134
Q

The descending (thoracic) aorta passes ___________ to the left main bronchus.

A

posterior

135
Q

At the hilum of the left lung, the ________ is positioned superior to the main bronchus.

A

pulmonary artery

136
Q

At the _______, the pulmonary artery is positioned superior to the main bronchus.

A

hilum of the left ling

137
Q

At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned _______ to the main bronchus.

A

superior

138
Q

At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned superior to the ____________.

A

main bronchus

139
Q

At the ________, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior and inferior to the main bronchus.

A

hilum of the left lung

140
Q

At the hilum of the left lung, the ___________ are positioned anterior and inferior to the main bronchus.

A

pulmonary veins

141
Q

At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned ______ and __________ to the main bronchus.

A

anterior and inferior

142
Q

At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior and inferior to the __________.

A

At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior and inferior to the main bronchus.

143
Q

At the hilum of the right lung, the__________ is positioned anterior to the main bronchus.

A

pulmonary artery

144
Q

At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned _______to the main bronchus.

A

anterior

145
Q

At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned anterior to the main bronchus.

A

main bronchus

146
Q

At the hilum of the ________, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior to the main bronchus.

A

right lung

147
Q

At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior to the _______.

A

main bronchus

148
Q

At the hilum of the right lung, the ____________ are positioned anterior to the main bronchus.

A

pulmonary veins

149
Q

At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned _____ to the main bronchus.

A

anterior

150
Q

At the hilum of the right lung, the ___________ are positioned anterior and inferior to the pulmonary arteries.

A

pulmonary veins

151
Q

At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned anterior and inferior to the __________________.

A

pulmonary arteries

152
Q

At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned ________ and _______to the pulmonary arteries.

A

anterior and inferior

153
Q

The right posterior intercostal arteries pass anterior to the _______________.

A

vertebral bodies

154
Q

The ________ pass anterior to the vertebral bodies.

A

right posterior intercostal arteries

155
Q

The right posterior intercostal arteries pass _____ to the vertebral bodies.

A

anterior

156
Q

The intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves are all positioned directly ________ to the ribs.

A

inferior

157
Q

The intercostal _______, _______, and _______ are all positioned directly inferior to the ribs.

A

veins, arteries and nerves

158
Q

The intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves are all positioned directly inferior to the ____.

A

ribs

159
Q

The sympathetic chain is positioned lateral to the _________.

A

thoracic vertebral bodies

160
Q

The sympathetic chain is positioned ________ to the thoracic vertebral bodies.

A

lateral

161
Q

The ________ is positioned lateral to the thoracic vertebral bodies.

A

sympathetic chain

162
Q

The right superior intercostal vein drains into the _______.

A

azygos vein

163
Q

The thoracic duct is to the _______ of the descending aorta, ________ to the azygos vein and ______ to the esophagus.

A

right, left, posterior

164
Q

The ________ is to the right of the descending aorta, left of the azygos vein and posterior to the esophagus.

A

thoracic duct

165
Q

The descending (thoracic) aorta is positioned __________ to the pericardial sac.

A

posterior

166
Q

The descending (thoracic) aorta is positioned posterior to the _______________.

A

pericardial sac

167
Q

The _____________ is positioned posterior to the pericardial sac.

A

descending (thoracic aorta)

168
Q

The ___________ is positioned to the left (lateral) of the vertebral bodies.

A

descending (thoracic) aorta

169
Q

The descending (thoracic) aorta is positioned to the left (lateral) of the _________.

A

vertebral bodies

170
Q

The descending (thoracic) aorta is positioned to the ________ of the vertebral bodies.

A

left (lateral)

171
Q

The ___________ is positioned to the right of the descending aorta.

A

inferior vena cava

172
Q

The inferior vena cava is positioned to the ________ of the descending aorta.

A

right

173
Q

The inferior vena cava is positioned to the right of the ___________.

A

descending aorta

174
Q

The ____________ is positioned anterior - medial to the sympathetic chain.

A

greater splanchnic nerve

175
Q

The greater splanchnic nerve is positioned _________ to the sympathetic chain.

A

anterior - medial

176
Q

The greater splanchnic nerve is positioned anterior - medial to the ___________.

A

sympathetic chain

177
Q

The ________ is positioned posterior to the pericardial sac.

A

esophagus

178
Q

The esophagus is positioned ________to the pericardial sac.

A

posterior

179
Q

The esophagus is positioned posterior to the ___________.

A

pericardial sac

180
Q

Near the ________, the esophagus is positioned anterior to the thoracic aorta.

A

diaphragm

181
Q

Near the diaphragm, the esophagus is positioned anterior to the ___________.

A

thoracic aorta

182
Q

Near the diaphragm, the __________ is positioned anterior to the thoracic aorta.

A

esophagus

183
Q

The thoracic duct is positioned directly anterior to the ___________.

A

thoracic vertebral bodies

184
Q

The _________is positioned directly anterior to the thoracic vertebral bodies.

A

thoracic duct

185
Q

The thoracic duct is positioned directly ______to the thoracic vertebral bodies.

A

anterior

186
Q

Near the diaphragm, the esophagus is positioned ___________ to the thoracic aorta.

A

anterior

Unit II: Trunk (7 decks)

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