VHD Relationships Abdomen Flashcards
What are the divisions of the abdomen?
anterior abdominal wall, inguinal canal (and spermatic cord), peritoneal cavity and posterior abdominal wall
What is Camper’s fascia?
the superficial layer of fascia that has adipose tissue and is continuous with the superficial fascia of the thigh
What is Scarpa’s fascia?
the deep membranous layer over the lower portion of the abdominal wall; fuses with fascia lata at the inguinal ligament
What contributes to the rectus sheath?
aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis
The transversalis fascia is _________ to the peritoneum.
superficial
The transversalis is between the ________ and the __________ fascia.
transversus abdominis and fatty extraperitoneal fascia
What are the functions of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
flexion and rotation of the trunk and compression of the abdominal contents (increasing intra-abdominal pressure)
What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis
The inguinal canal passes from the ______ in the transversalis fascia to the __________ in the aponeurosis of the external oblique.
deep ring; superficial ring
The inguinal canal passes from the deep ring in the ______ fascia to the superficial ring in the aponeurosis of the _______________.
transversalis fascia; external oblique
The spermatic cord surrounds the ________ and the __________ as they traverse the inguinal canal.
ductus deferns and testicular vessels
What makes up the spermatic cord?
layers of the anterior abdominal wall
This membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity
peritoneum
What are the types of peritoneum?
Parietal and visceral and mesentary (double layer)
Where is the parietal peritoneum?
lining the body wall
What does the visceral peritoneum cover?
surface of organs
What do mesentaries do?
suspend intraperitoneal organs from the body wall
double layers of peritoneum are _______
ligaments
What is a retroperitoneal structure?
Organs or vessels covered by peritoneum on at least one surface but not freely suspended from the body wall by a mesentary
What is the falciform ligament?
mesentary-like membrane extending from the anterior abdominal wall to the liver
What is the lesser omentum?
a double layer of peritoneum extending between the liver and lesser curvature of stomach and first part of duodenum
What is the greater omentum?
a double layer of mesentary suspended from the stomach and draping over the transverse colon and small intestine
What are the two compartments of the peritoneal cavity?
lesser sac and greater sac
Where is the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity?
space posterior to the lesser omentum and stomach that extends between the folds of the greater omentum
How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?
through the epiploic foramen
The epiploic foramen is positioned directly _________ to the free margin of the lesser omentum.
Posterior
What forms the posterior abdominal wall?
psoas, iliacus, quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscles and their fascia
What is the function of the psoas and iliacus muscles?
flexion of the thigh
What is the function of the quadratus lumborum?
extension and lateral flexion of the trunk; fixation of the 12th rib during respiration
What is the function of the transversus abdominis?
compression of the abdominal contents
Where does the diaphragm pass?
xiphoid process, lower ribs and costal cartilages, medial and lateral arcuate ligaments, and lumbar vertebra to the central tendon
The medial arcuate ligament passes anterior to the ___________.
psoas
The lateral arcuate passes anterior to the __________.
quadratus lumborum
The _________, _____________ and ____________ arteries are the primary blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall.
superior epigastric, musculophrenic and inferior epigastric
Tributaries of the __________, ________, and ___________ veins drain the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.
superior epigastric, musculophrenic and inferior epigastric
Branches of the __________ and ____________ arteries are the primary blood supply of the posterior abdominal wall.
iliolumbar, lumbar
Tributaries of the ________ and _____________ veins drain the posterior abdominal wall.
iliolumbar and lumbar
The ____________ and __________ arteries and veins supply and drain the diaphragm.
musculophrenic and inferior phrenic
Which branches of the celiac trunk supply the abdominal viscera derived from the embryonic foregut?
left gastric, splenic and common hepatic (proper hepatic, gastroduodenal and right gastric)
Which abdominal viscera derived from the embryonic foregut?
esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas and spleen
Which abdominal viscera derived from the embryonic midgut?
duodenum, pancrea, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, and transverse colon
Branches of the ____________ supply the abdominal viscera derived from the embryonic midgut.
superior mesenteric artery
Which branches of the superior mesetaric artery supply the abdominal viscera derived from the embryonic midgut?
inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileal, right colic and middle colic
What abdominal viscera are derived from the embryonic hindgut?
descending and sigmoid colon, and rectum
Which branches of the inferior mesentaric artery supply the abdominal viscera derived from the hindgut?
left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal a.
Tributaries of the _______________ drain all of the abdominal viscera.
hepatic portal vein
What viscera does the upper right quadrant contain?
liver, gall bladder, duodenum, pancreas, right colic flexure and pyloris of the stomach
What viscera does the upper left quadrant contain?
stomach, body and tail of pancreas; spleen, left colic flexure and jejunum
What viscera does the lower right quadrant contain?
cecum, ascending colon and ileum
What viscera does the lower left quadrant contain?
descending and sigmoid colon, jejunum, and ileum
What are the landmarks of the stomach?
fundus, body, pylorus and greater and lesser curvatures
The stomach is a ____________ structure.
intraperioneal
The lesser omentum extends from the _________ of the stomach .
lesser curvature
The greater omentum hangs from the ________ of the stomach.
greater curvature
The ___________ is where the esophagus meets the stomach.
cardiac orifice
The ___________ is present where the stomach is continuous with the duodenum.
pyloric sphincter
What are the 4 divisions of the duodenum?
free, descending, horizontal and ascending
Which division(s) of the duodenum are intraperitoneal?
first (free)
The free division of the duodenum is associated with the _______________ of the lesser omentum.
hepatoduodenal ligament
The duodenum is continuous with the jejunum and ileum at the _______________.
duodenojejunal junction
Are the jejunum and ileum intra or retroperitoneal?
intreperitoneal
The ileum is continuous with the cecum at the ____________ junction.
ileocecal
The cecum is the dilation at the origin of the ____________.
Ascending colon
Is the ascending colon intra or retroperitoneal? the cecum?
retroperitoneal; retroperitoneal
The ascending colon is continuous with the transverse colon at the ________.
right colic flexure
Is the transverse colon intra or retro peritoneal?
intraperitoneal; suspended by transverse mesocolon from post. wall
The transverse colon is continuous with the descending colon at the _________.
left colic flexure
Is the descending colon retro or intraperitoneal?
retroperitoneal
What is the sigmoid colon continuous with?
descending colon
Is the sigmoid colon retro or intraperitoneal?
intraperitoneal; suspended by sigmoid mesocolon
Is the rectum intra or retroperitoneal?
retroperitoneal
The __________ and _______ are associated with the second (descending) division of the duodenum.
liver and pancreas
The four lobes of the liver are _______, ________, ________ and _______.
right, left, quadrate and caudate
The ________ and __________ separate the quadrate lobe from the right and left lobes.
impression for the gall bladder and fissure for the ligamentum teres
The _______ and __________ separate the caudate lob from the right and left lobes.
caval groove and fissure for ligamentum venosum
The _______ separates the quadrate and caudate lobes.
portahepatis
What occurs at the portahepatis?
the hepatic arteries and hepatic portal vein enter the liver and hepatic bile ducts exits the liver
The bile (common) duct is made up of the ______ and the _________.
hepatic bile ducts and the cystic duct
The bile duct empties into the _____________ of the duodenum at the _________.
2nd division; major duodenal papilla
The gall bladder has a ______, ________ and _____________.
fundus, body and neck
The cystic duct arises from the _________.
neck
The pancreatic duct drains into the _______ of the duodenum at the ______.
2nd division, major duodenal papilla
Which part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?
tail
Which parts of the pancreas are retroperitoneal?
head, neck, body and uncinate process
The tail of the pancreas meets with the _____.
spleen
The spleen and tail of pancreas are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the ______________.
lienorenal ligament
Are the kidneys retro or intraperitoneal structures?
retroperitoneal
Are the suprarenal glands retro or intraperitoneal?
retroperitoneal
Are the ureters retro or intraperitoneal?
retroperitoneal until they reach the bladder in the pelvis
Urine drains from the kidney into the ureter at the ___________.
renal pelvis
The kidneys are surrounded by _________, ___________ and _______.
perirenal fat, renal fascia and pararenal fat
The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and adjacent parietal peritoneum are innervated (sensory, motor and postganglionic sympathetic) by the ___________, __________ and ________ nerves.
lower six intercostal nerves, and ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves.
The muscles of the posterior abdominal wall are innervated (motor, sensory and postganglionic sympathetic) by branches of the ____________ and ____________.
ventral rami of lower thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves.
The abdominal viscera are innervated (sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic) by the ________, _________ and ________ associated with the branches of the abdominal aorta.
splanchnic nerves, ganglia and plexuses
The spermatic cord (or round ligament) emerges from the ________.
superficial inguinal ring
The ilioinguinal nerve emerges from the ________ adjacent to the _________.
superficial ring; spermatic cord (round ligament)
The rectus abdominis is ______ to the rectus sheath.
deep
The cremaster muscle passes from the ___________ to the ____________ in the male.
internal oblique; spermatic cord
The function of the cremaster muscle is to __________.
raise and lower the testes
The conjoint tendon is the common tendon formed from the aponeuroses of the ________ and ___________ muscles.
transversus abdominis and internal oblique
The deep inguinal ring is directly ______ to the inferior epigastric vessels adjacent to the origin of the spermatic cord from the anterior abdominal wall.
lateral
The external spermatic fascia covers the _________ and ___________.
spermatic cord and testis
The ________ and ________ are deep to the tunica vaginalis.
testis and epididymis
The ductus deferens is continuous with the ______ of the epididymis.
tail
The falciform ligament and ligamentum teres extend from the ________ to the ________.
umbilicus; liver
The ________ is the obliterated fetal umbilical vein.
ligamentum teres (round ligament of the liver)
The median umbilical fold extends from the ___________ to the __________.
bladder, umbilicus
The remnant of the ___________ is in the median umbilical fold.
urachus
The medial umbilical folds surround the obliterated ____________ arteries.
umbilical
The medial umbilical folds can be found
on either side of the median umbilical folds
The lateral umbilical folds extend from the ____________ to the ________.
deep inguinal ring; rectus abdominis
The lateral umbilical folds surround the _________ arteries and veins.
inferior epigastric
What are the two subdivisions of the lesser omentum?
hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
The gastrosplenic ligament extends from the ________ to the _________.
stomach; spleen
The splenorenal ligament extends from the _______ to the ___________.
spleen to the posterior abdominal wall (left kidney)
The phrenicocolic ligament extends from the _________ to the _________.
splenic flexure; diaphragm
Of the three structures identified in the free margin of the lesser omentum, ___________ is located most posteriorly.
hepatic portal vein
The three structures in the free margin of the lesser omentum are the _______, _______ and __________.
bile duct, proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein
The splenic artery follows the _______ and ________ of the pancreas.
body and tail
The gastroduodenal artery passes _____ to the 1st part of the duodenum before splitting into its two terminal branches.
posterior
The common bile duct passes _______ to the 1st part of the duodenum and ________ to the epipolic foramen.
posterior; anterior
The ___________ passes posterior to the 1st part of the duodenum and anterior to the epipolic foramen.
common bile duct
The common bile duct passes posterior to the __________ and anterior to the __________.
1st part of the duodenum; epipolic foramen
The _________ passes anterior to the epiploic foramen, and in the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament), it is typically positioned posterior to the bile duct and the hepatic artery proper.
hepatic portal vein
The hepatic portal vein passes ________ to the epiploic foramen, and in the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament), it is typically positioned _______ to the bile duct and the hepatic artery proper.
anterior, posterior
The hepatic portal vein passes anterior to the _______________, and in the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament), it is typically positioned posterior to the ______ and the ___________.
epiploic foramen, bile duct, hepatic artery proper
The _________ passes anterior to the epiploic foramen.
hepatic artery proper
The hepatic artery proper passes ______ to the epiploic foramen.
anterior
The hepatic artery proper passes anterior to the _________.
epiploic foramen
The gastroduodenal artery passes posterior to the __________ and anterior to the __________.
duodenum (1 st part), pancreas
The _________ passes posterior to the duodenum (1 st part) and anterior to the pancreas.
gastroduodenal artery
The gastroduodenal artery passes _________ to the duodenum (1 st part) and ________ to the pancreas.
posterior, anterior
The ___________ is positioned directly lateral (to the right) of the pancreas (head).
duodenum (2 nd part)
The duodenum (2 nd part) is positioned directly ____________ of the pancreas (head).
lateral (to the right)
The duodenum (2 nd part) is positioned directly lateral (to the right) of the ________.
pancreas (head)
The duodenum (3 rd part) is positioned directly ________ to the pancreas (head) and passes ________to both the inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta.
inferior, anterior
The __________ is positioned directly inferior to the pancreas (head) and passes anterior to both the inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta.
duodenum (3 rd part)
The duodenum (3 rd part) is positioned directly inferior to the pancreas (head) and passes anterior to both the ___________ and _______.
inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta.
The splenic artery and vein pass posterior to the ______ and are typically positioned posterior - superior to the __________.
stomach (fundus) , pancreas (body and tail)
The __________ pass posterior to the stomach (fundus) and are typically positioned posterior - superior to the pancreas (body and tail).
splenic artery and vein
The splenic artery and vein pass ________ to the stomach (fundus) and are typically positioned _________ to the pancreas (body and tail).
posterior, posterior - superior
The ___________ is typically the first branch of the superior mesenteric artery.
inferior pancreaticoduodenal
The superior mesenteric artery is positioned lateral (to the left) to the ______________ and passes anterior to the ___________, directly anterior to the ___________, and posterior to the _____________.
superior mesenteric vein, duodenum (4 th part), left renal vein and pancreas (body)
The superior mesenteric artery is positioned ___________ to the superior mesenteric vein and passes ______ to the duodenum (4 th part) , directly __________ to the left renal vein, and ________ to the pancreas (body).
lateral (to the left), anterior, anterior, posterior
The _____________ is postioned lateral (to the left) to the superior mesenteric vein and passes anterior to the duodenum (4 th part) , directly anterior to the left renal vein, and posterior to the pancreas (body).
superior mesenteric artery
The ____________ passes anterior to the duodenum (4 th part) and posterior to both the stomach (pylorus) and the pancreas (body).
superior mesenteric vein
The superior mesenteric vein passes ________ to the duodenum (4 th part) and ________ to both the stomach (pylorus) and the pancreas (body).
anterior, posterior,
The superior mesenteric vein passes anterior to the________ and posterior to both the __________ and the ____________.
duodenum (4 th part), stomach (pylorus), pancreas (body)
The bile duct drains at the __________.
major duodenal papilla
The liver and diaphragm are attached via the ___________.
coronary ligament
The inferior vena cava passes _________ to the liver and is positioned ______ to the caudate lobe.
posterior, lateral
The inferior vena cava passes posterior to the ____ and is positioned lateral to the __________.
liver, caudate lobe
The ___________ passes posterior to the liver and is positioned lateral to the caudate lobe.
inferior vena cava
The gall bladder is positioned ___________ to the quadrate lobe of the liver.
lateral
The ____________ is positioned lateral to the quadrate lobe of the liver.
gall bladder
The gall bladder is positioned lateral to the _________ of the liver.
quadrate
The left suprarenal vein drains into the _______.
Left renal vein
The kidney is positioned _________ to the psoas muscle and _______ to both the quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscles.
anterior - lateral, anterior
The _______ is positioned anterior - lateral to the psoas muscle and anterior to both the quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscles.
kidney
The kidney is positioned anterior - lateral to the ___________ and anterior to both the __________ and _____________.
psoas muscle, quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis muscles
The___________ is positioned superior to the right kidney.
right suprarenal gland
The right suprarenal gland is positioned _______ to the right kidney.
superior
The right suprarenal gland is positioned superior to the ___________.
right kidney
The left suprarenal gland is positioned ______ to the left kidney.
medial
The ________ is positioned medial to the left kidney.
left suprarenal gland
The left suprarenal gland is positioned medial to the __________.
left kidney
The right renal artery passes directly______ to the inferior vena cava.
posterior
The ________ passes directly posterior to the inferior vena cava.
right renal artery
The right renal artery passes directly posterior to the ________________.
inferior vena cava
The left renal vein passes ________ to the abdominal aorta and _________ to the superior mesenteric artery.
anterior, posterior
The ________ passes anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery.
left renal vein
The left renal vein passes anterior to the ___________ and posterior to the ___________.
abdominal aorta, superior meseteric artery
The _______ passes anterior to the psoas muscle.
right ureter
The right ureter passes anterior to the ________.
psoas muscle
The right ureter passes ___________ to the psoas muscle.
anterior
The right testicular artery passes directly anterior to the _______, the _______, and the ___________.
inferior vena cava, right ureter, psoas muscle
The ____________ passes directly anterior to the inferior vena cava, the right ureter, and the psoas muscle.
right testicular artery
The right testicular artery passes directly ________ to the inferior vena cava, the right ureter, and the psoas muscle.
anterior
The _____________ passes directly anterior to the left common iliac vein.
right common iliac artery
The right common iliac artery passes directly __________ to the left common iliac vein.
anterior
The right common iliac artery passes directly anterior to the _______________.
left common iliac vein
The left arcuate ligament passes over (anterior) to the _____________ muscle.
quadratus lumborum
