VFR Weather Minimums - ATP Flight School Flashcards
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Basic VFR weather minimums, Class A
VFR weather minimums not applicable. Class A is IFR only.
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Basic VFR weather minimums, Class B
3 SM visibility, clear of clouds
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Basic VFR weather minimums, Class C
3 SM visibility, 500’ below / 1,000’ above / 2,000’ horizontal from clouds
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Basic VFR weather minimums, Class D
3 SM visibility, 500’ below / 1,000’ above / 2,000’ horizontal from clouds
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Basic VFR weather minimums, Class E below 10,000’ MSL
3 SM visibility, 500’ below / 1,000’ above / 2,000’ horizontal from clouds
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Basic VFR weather minimums, Class E at or above 10,000’ MSL
5 SM visibility, 1,000’ below / 1,000’ above / 1 SM horizontal from clouds
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Basic VFR weather minimums, Class G at or below 1,200’ AGL
- Day - 1 SM visibility, clear of clouds
- Night - 3 SM visibility, 500’ below / 1,000’ above / 2,000’ horizontal from clouds
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Basic VFR weather minimums, Class G above 1,200’ AGL but below 10,000’ MSL
- Day - 1 SM visibility, 500’ below / 1,000’ above / 2,000’ horizontal from clouds
- Night - 3 SM visibility, 500’ below / 1,000’ above / 2,000’ horizontal from clouds
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Basic VFR weather minimums, Class G above 1,200’ AGL and at or above 10,000’ MSL
5 SM visibility, 1,000’ below / 1,000’ above / 1 SM horizontal from clouds
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In Class G at night, where can a pilot operate with 1 SM visibility and clear of clouds?
In an airport traffic pattern, within ½ mile of the runway.
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Minimum visibility to take off, land, or enter the traffic pattern at an airport with controlled airspace at the surface
3 SM ground visibility (or 3 SM flight visibility if ground visibility is not reported)
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Minimum ceiling height to operate beneath a ceiling in controlled airspace designated to the surface for an airport
1,000’
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Airspace where pilots need 3 SM visibility and 1,000’ ceilings to take off or land
Controlled airspace (Class B, C, D, or E)
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Why do the VFR weather minimums increase above 10,000’ MSL?
No 250-knot speed limit above 10,000’ MSL. Faster aircraft require more distance to see and avoid other traffic.
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What is the purpose of VFR weather minimums?
To prevent mid-air collisions by prohibiting VFR flight when the weather prevents effective see-and-avoid practices.
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Why are VFR aircraft in Class B allowed to operate clear of clouds (not 500/1,000/2,000 feet away)?
Cloud clearance requirements ensure that, if an IFR aircraft exits a cloud and sees a VFR aircraft in its path, they will have time to see and avoid each other. In Class B, ATC separates all traffic (IFR and VFR), so the system does not rely on see-and-avoid.
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Minimum visibility and distance from clouds required for special VFR
1 SM visibility, clear of clouds
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If a pilot departs under special VFR, when do they return to basic VFR weather minimums?
When they depart the lateral boundaries of the controlled airspace designated to the surface for the airport, or when they reach 10,000’ MSL.
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At which airports can a pilot request a special VFR clearance?
Airports where controlled airspace (Class B, C, D, or E) extends down to the surface, unless the airport is marked “NO SVFR” on the sectional chart
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Additional requirements for special VFR at night
Pilot must be instrument rated and current. Aircraft must have all required IFR equipment.
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A pilot departs an airport in Class D airspace under special VFR, expecting to reach better weather shortly after takeoff. The forecasts were incorrect, and the pilot still has not reached basic VFR weather by the time they leave the Class D airspace. What could they do?
- Request a pop-up IFR clearance (must be instrument rated and current).
- Request a special VFR clearance back to the airport (might not be immediately available, IFR traffic takes priority).
- Declare an emergency. Tell ATC they have flown VFR into IMC.