Meteorology

Question 1

78% Nitrogen21% Oxygen1% other

Answer 1

Atmosphere Gases

Question 2

0 - 36,000 feet or 6.8 miles15 °C (59 °F) to -56.5 °C (-70 °F)Temp decreases with altitude.

Answer 2

Troposphere

Question 3

Tropopause up to 31 milesAn average -56.6 °C (-70 °F) at the tropopause to a maximum of about -3 °C (27 °F) at the stratopause due to this absorption of ultraviolet radiation. Temp increases with altitude.

Answer 3

Stratosphere

Question 4

Stratopause to about 53 miles. -3 °C (27 °F) to as low as -100 °C (-148 °F) at the mesopause.Temp decreases with altitude.

Answer 4

Mesosphere

Question 5

Mesopause up to 430 miles.2,000 °C (3,600 °F) but air too thin to feel heat on skin.Temp increases with altitude.

Answer 5

Thermosphere

Question 6

Basically spaceUp to 6200 miles

Answer 6

Exosphere

Question 7

TroposphereStratosphereMesosphereThermosphereExosphere

Answer 7

Layers of the Atmosphere

Question 8

[°F] = ([°C] x 9/5) + 32 1.8C times 2, less 10% of that, plus 32

Answer 8

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Question 9

[°C] = ([°F] – 32) x 5/90.5555555556

Answer 9

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Question 10

Conduction - solid material Convection - liquids and gasesRadiation - electromagnetical waves

Answer 10

Types of heat transfers

Question 11

An isothermal layer is a layer within the atmosphere where the temperature remains constant with height

Answer 11

Isothermal Layer

Question 12

1013.2 hPa METAR/SPECI

Answer 12

Hectopascals Standard Atmosphere

Question 13

1013.2 mb U.S. Weather Charts

Answer 13

Millibars Standard Atmosphere

Question 14

29.92 inHg U.S. Aviation

Answer 14

Inches of mercury Standard Atmosphere

Question 15

14.7 psi U.S. Engineering

Answer 15

Pounds per square inch Standard Atmosphere

Question 16

Actual vertical distance above MSL.

Answer 16

True Altitude

Question 17

Indicated on the altimeter when set at the local altimeter setting.

Answer 17

Indicated Altitude

Question 18

The corrected (approximately true) altitude is indicated altitude corrected for the temperature of the air column below the aircraft, the correction being based on the estimated deviation of the existing temperature from standard atmosphere temperature.

Answer 18

Corrected Altitude

Question 19

Shown by the altimeter when set to 29.92 inchesof mercury.

Answer 19

Pressure Altitude

Question 20

Pressure altitude corrected for temperaturedeviations from the standard atmosphere.

Answer 20

Density Altitude

Question 21

At a specified indicated airspeed, the pilot’s true airspeed and groundspeed increase proportionally as density altitude becomes higher.

Answer 21

Affect of Density Altitude on Airspeed

Question 22

density altitude = pressure altitude + [120 x (OAT - ISA Temp)] -2°C per 1000’ PA to get ISA temp

Answer 22

Formula for Density Alt

Question 23

pressure altitude = (standard pressure - your current pressure setting) x 1,000 + field elevation

Answer 23

Formula for Pressure Alt

Question 24

Pressure gradiant force (pfg)Coriolis forceFriction

Answer 24

Forces that affect wind

Question 25

Wind moves from high to low, perpendicular to isobars.Wind speed is directly proportional

Answer 25

Pressure Gradiant Force

Question 26

Right angle (in northern hemisphere) to wind direction and directly proportional to wind speed.Zero at the equator max at the poles.

Answer 26

Coriolis Force

Question 27

Parallel to isobars, no friction

Answer 27

Wind direction at altitude influenced by pressures

Question 28

On climb out hits more from the rightClockwise out from highCounterclockwise in to low

Answer 28

Wind direction at surface, northern hemisphere, as influenced by pressures

Question 29

Low latitudetowards equator at surfaceTowards poles at altitude

Answer 29

Hadley cell

Question 30

Mid latitudeTowards poles and East at surfaceTowards equator and West at altitude

Answer 30

Ferrel cell

Question 31

Converges at poles and sinks to the surface. Easterly (out of East) at surface.

Answer 31

Polar cell

Question 32

sea breeze, land breeze, lake breeze, lake effect, valley breeze,mountain-plains wind circulation, and mountain breeze.

Answer 32

Local winds include:

Question 33

A sea breeze is a coastal local wind that blows from sea to land, and caused by temperature differences when the sea surface is colder than the adjacent land.

Answer 33

Sea Breeze

Question 34

A land breeze is a coastal breeze blowing from land to sea caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is warmer than the adjacent land. Land breezes usually occur at night and during early morning.

Answer 34

Land Breeze

Question 35

A lake breeze is a local wind that blows from the surface of a large lake onto the shores during the afternoon and is caused by the temperature difference when the lake surface is colder than the adjacent land.

Answer 35

Lake Breeze

Question 36

A valley breeze is a wind that ascends a mountain valley during the day.

Answer 36

Valley Breeze

Question 37

During the daytime, this wind system is the equivalent of one-half of a valley breeze. Air in contact with the sloping terrain becomes warmer (less dense) than air above the plains.

Answer 37

Mountain - Plains Wind System

Question 38

A mountain breeze (see Figure 9-10) is the nightly downslope winds commonly encountered in mountain valleys. Air in contact with the sloping terrain cools faster than air above the valley.

Answer 38

Mountain Breeze

Question 39

significant temperature gradients,winds usually converge;and pressure typically decreases as a front approaches and increases after it passes.

Answer 39

Fronts are usually detectable at the surface in a number of

Question 40

Cold fronts have a steep slope, and the warm air is forced upward abruptly. This often leads to a narrow band of showers and thunderstorms along, or just ahead of, the front if the warm rising air is unstable. Cold always stays underneath.

Answer 40

Cold Front Slope

Question 41

Warm fronts typically have a gentle slope, so the warm air rising along the frontal surface is gradual. This favors the development of widespread layered or stratiform cloudiness and precipitation along, and ahead of, the front if the warm rising air is stable. Cold always stays underneath.

Answer 41

Warm Front Slope

Question 42

Stationary frontal slope can vary, but clouds and precipitation would still form in the warm rising air along the front.

Answer 42

Stationary Front Slope

Question 43

Cold pushes under Warm with brute force. Y shaped.

Answer 43

Occluded Front Slope

Question 44

A low pressure circulation that forms and moves along a front. The circulation about the cyclone center tends to produce a wavelike kink along the front. Wave cyclones are the primary weather producers in the mid-latitudes. They are large lows that generally travel from west to east along a front. They last from a few days to more than a week. Starts from a Stationary Front.

Answer 44

Wave Cyclone

Question 45

A dryline is a low-level boundary hundreds of miles long separating moist and dry air masses. In the United States, it typically lies north-south across the southern and central High Plains during the spring and early summer, where it separates moist (mT) air from the Gulf of Mexico to the east and dry desert (cT) air from the southwestern states to the west.

Answer 45

Dryline

Question 46

3 deg C per 1000’Dew point decreases by 0.5 deg CThe parcel’s temperature-dewpoint spread decreases, while its relative humidity increases.

Answer 46

Dry adiabatic lapse rate

Question 47

varies between approximately 1.2 °C per 1,000 feet (4 °C per kilometer) for very warm saturated parcels to 3 °C per 1,000 feet (9.8 °C per kilometer) for very cold saturated parcels.dewpoint decreases at an identical rate.

Answer 47

Moist adiabatic lapse rate

Question 48

orographic effects, frictional effects,frontal lift,and buoyancy.

Answer 48

Common Sources of Vertical Motion

Question 49

Absolute stabilityNeutral stabilityConditional instabilityAbsolute instability

Answer 49

Types of stability