VF

Question 1

TTT of VF

Answer 1

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation, and adrenaline.

Question 2

Reversible causes of sudden cardiac arrest

Answer 2

The 5 Ts

Thrombosis (myocardial infarction is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in the elderly)

Trauma

Toxins

Tamponade, cardiac

Tensions, pneumothorax

               The 6 Hs:

Hypoxia

Hypovolemia

Hydrogen ion excess (acidosis)

Hypo- or hyperkalemia

Hypothermia

Hypo- or hyperglycemia

Question 3

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest in young people

Answer 3

1-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (the most common causes in young people),

2-commotio cordis (a sudden blow to the precordium causing ventricular arrhythmia),

3-coronary artery anomalies

4-myocarditis

5-ruptured aortic aneurysm (eg, due to Marfan’s syndrome or Ehlers Danlos syndrome)

6-arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (right ventricle is replaced by fatty tissue and fibrosis, causing arrhythmias)

7-aortic stenosis

8-coronary artery vasospasm, and mutations in cardiac ion channels (e.g. long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome).