Echocardiography

Question 1

What are the important signs that can be seen on 2D echo that is sensitive for cardiac temponade?

Answer 1

is dilatation of the IVC (>20 mm in an adult size heart) and hepatic veins
. This is known as IVC plethora, and, although not very specific, it is a very sensitive sign of cardiac tamponade (92%)

Question 2

What are the signs of dehydration on echocardiography?

Answer 2

1. **Small Inferior Vena Cava
2. **Low Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume (LVEDV)
3. **Decreased Cardiac Output
4. **Hyperdynamic Left Ventricle
5. **Collapsed Right Ventricle