Veterinary Parasitology

Question 1

What is the morphology of ancylostoma caninum

Answer 1

It is reddish Grey in color depending on whether it has fed, it also has a hook like posture
FeMales are 15mm- 20mm
Males are 12mm

Question 2

What is the life cycle of ancylostoma caninum

Answer 2

They have a direct life cycle
The egg hatch and develop to L3 within 5 days.
Infection is by skin pentetration and ingestion
Paratenic hosts can be important
In percutaneous infection, larva migrate from bloodstream to the lungs where they hatch to l4 in the bronchi and trachea
They are swallowed and passed to small intestine where final moulting occurs.
If infection is by ingestion, the larvae may either penetrate the buccal
mucosa and undergo the pulmonary migration described above
❑ Or pass directly to the intestine where the adult worms bury their buccal
capsules into the mucosa
They have a prepatent period of 14-21 days.
The worms are prolific egg layers and may pass millions of eggs in faceces daily for several weeks

Question 3

The pathogenesis of Ancylostoma caninum

Answer 3

Hemorrhagic anemia
The disease is seen in dogs under 1 year old, infected by the transmammary route, they are susceptible due to their low iron reserves

Question 4

The clinical signs of ancylostoma caninum

Answer 4

Respiratory embarrassment, anemia, lassitude, respiratory embarrassment

Question 5

Prepatent period of Ancylostoma caninum

Answer 5

14-21 days

Question 6

Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma braziliense predilection site

Answer 6

Small intestine

Question 7

Ancylostoma braziliense gross morphology

Answer 7

Smaller than Ancylostoma caninum
Males measure 7.5mm in length
Female 10mm in length

Question 8

Route of infection of ancylostoma braziliense

Answer 8

Percutaneous route and oral route not transmammary

Question 9

Route of infection of ancylostoma braziliense

Answer 9

Percutaneous route and oral route not transmammary

Question 10

Life cycle of ancylostoma braziliense

Answer 10

Similar in many respects to A. caninum, using both oral and percutaneous routesof infection, but transmammary transmission has not been demonstrated.

❑ Rodents can act as paratenic hosts.
❑ The prepatent period is about 2 weeks in the dog and cat.

Question 11

Main importance of Ancylostoma braziliense

Answer 11

They are the primarily cause of cutaneous larva migrants CLM

Question 12

What is the pathogenesis of Ancylostoma Braziliense

Answer 12

1. Hypoalbuminaemia through an intestinal leak of plasma
2. It’s the primary cause of Creeping larva migrans
   3 CLM is characterized by turtuous erythematous inflammatory tracts caused by infective larva penetrating the skin and wondering in the dermis

Question 13

Ancylostoma tubaeforme has what host

Answer 13

Cat

Question 14

Common name of ancylostoma tubaeforme

Answer 14

Feline hook worm

Question 15

What are the host for ancylostoma ceylanicum

Answer 15

Cat, dog,wild felida and man

Question 16

Uncinaria stenocephala gross morphology

Answer 16

It is a small worm up to 1cm long
7.5mm for male
10 for female

Question 17

What is difference between the life cycle of Uncinaria stenocephala and Ancylostoma caninum

Answer 17

There is NO PULMONARY MIGRATION

Question 18

What is difference between the life cycle of Uncinaria stenocephala and Ancylostoma caninum

Answer 18

There is NO PULMONARY MIGRATION

Question 19

Life cycle of Uncinaria stenocephala

Answer 19

Infection with infective L3 by oral ingestion without pulmonary migration.
Infective larvae can penetrate the skin, infection rarely matures.
No transmammary or intrauterine transmission
Carnivores may become infected via consumption of Paratenic host such as mice. Prepatent period is 15days

Question 20

Clinical signs of Uncinaria stenocephala

Answer 20

Anemia, lethargy, anorexia,, interdigital dermatitis,diarrhea ALAID

Question 21

Diagnosis of Uncinaria stenocephala

Answer 21

In areas where A. caninum is absent, the clinical signs of the patent infection,
together with the demonstration of strongyle eggs in the faeces, is indicative of
uncinariosis.

Question 22

Second diagnosis of Uncinaria stenocephala

Answer 22

Where ancylostoma is endemic as well, they require larva culture, although treatment is similar

Question 23

Second diagnosis of Uncinaria stenocephala

Answer 23

Where ancylostoma is endemic as well, they require larva culture, although treatment is similar

Question 24

Control of Uncinaria stenocephala

Answer 24

Regular anthelmintic therapy and hygiene
The combination of ivermectin and pyrantel panoate give high efficacy
The pedal dermatitis respond poorly to symptomatic infection but regress in the absence of reinfection