Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

State 6 predisposing factors to hypertension

A

Obesity
Genetics
Life style changes
Excessive Alcohol intake
Older age
High salt diet

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2
Q

State 6 predisposing factors to hypertension

A

Obesity
Genetics
Life style changes
Excessive Alcohol intake
Older age
High salt diet

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3
Q

Explain how old age predisposes one to hypertension

A

As we get older the elastic tissues in our arteries break down, this makes them stiffer increasing peripheral resistance and arterial pressure build up.

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4
Q

State the four major anti hypertensive drug categories

A
  1. Renin angiotensin system targeting drugs
  2. Direct vasodilators
  3. Sympathetic nervous system suppressors
    4 diuretics
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5
Q

Under RAS drugs state two subdivision

A

Angiotensin II inhibitors
AngiotensinII receptor agonist

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6
Q

Calcium channel antagonists and _____ make up direct vasodilators

A

Potassium channel antagonist

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7
Q

Sympathetic nervous system suppressors subdivision

A

Alpha and beta antagonist
Alpha agonist

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8
Q

3 examples of diuretics

A

Loop
Thiazide diuretics
Potassium sparing

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9
Q

State 5 function of AngiotensinII

A

1.It helps to constrict blood vessel increasing vascular resistance and arterial pressure
2.It helps to stimulate adrenal cortex to release Aldosterone which help in sodium and fluid retention
3. It stimulate the release of ADH(Vasopressin) which acts upon the kidney to increase fluid retention
4. It stimulate the release of noradrenaline enhancing sympathetic adrenergic response
5. It leads to vascular and cardiac hypertrophy

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10
Q

1 example of ACE inhibitors…( April)

A

Enalarpril, lisinopril benazepril

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11
Q

1 example of ACE inhibitors…( April)

A

Enalarpril, lisinopril benazepril

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12
Q

Mechanism of action for calcium channel blockers one example (dip in)

A

They inhibit calcium entry into cells of the arteries amlodipine, nisoldipine

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13
Q

What antihypertensive drug causes cough example

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors e.g Enalarpril

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14
Q

What antihypertensive drug causes cough example

A

Angiotensin II inhibitors e.g Enalarpril

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15
Q

Which drug has a major side effect of hirsutism

A

Potassium channel agonist e.g minoxidil

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16
Q

Which drug has a major side effect of hirsutism

A

Potassium channel agonist e.g minoxidil

17
Q

What can treat hypertensive emergencies

A

Nitroprusside (k channel agonist

18
Q

State 4 anti arrhythmia drug classes

A

Class 1: sodium channel blockers
Class 2 : beta blockers
Class 3: k channel blockers
Class 4: calcium channel blockers

19
Q

Explain moa of ace inhibitors

A

ACE inhibitors will prevent the conversation of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 11

20
Q

Arb moa

A

A drug bind to angiotensin II receptors and block

21
Q

Example of ARB

A

Valsartan, losartan

22
Q

One example of sodium channel blockers.

A

Quinidine sulfate
Lidocaine

23
Q

Which class of drug is for tachycardia

A

Beta blockers e. Go propranolol

24
Q

How many anti arrhythmic drugs classes

25
Cardio tonic drug is used to treat
Heart failure
26
Cardiotonic agents are
Drugs used to increase contract ability and output in a hypo dynamic heart without proportionate increase in 02 consumption Hypo dynamic means reduced muscular activity
27
Cardiotonic agents are
Drugs used to increase contract ability and output in a hypo dynamic heart without proportionate increase in 02 consumption Hypo dynamic means reduced muscular activity
28
The only heart tonic of vet importance
Is cardiac glycosides
29
The only heart tonic of vet importance
Is cardiac glycosides
30
Explain haematinics
Substance for the formation of bloody, also used to treat anaemia
31
Except iron dextran state other iron preparation
Ferrous succinate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous gluconate
32
Except iron dextran state other iron preparation
Ferrous succinate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous gluconate
33
Vitamin defeciency causes while iron defeciency
Macrocytic hypochromic anemia microcytic hypochromic anemia
34
Example of blood volume expanders
Gelatin,, blood serum, blood plasma, whole blood, dextran, electrolyte (ringers solutions, normal saline