Pharmacology Flashcards
State 6 predisposing factors to hypertension
Obesity
Genetics
Life style changes
Excessive Alcohol intake
Older age
High salt diet
State 6 predisposing factors to hypertension
Obesity
Genetics
Life style changes
Excessive Alcohol intake
Older age
High salt diet
Explain how old age predisposes one to hypertension
As we get older the elastic tissues in our arteries break down, this makes them stiffer increasing peripheral resistance and arterial pressure build up.
State the four major anti hypertensive drug categories
- Renin angiotensin system targeting drugs
- Direct vasodilators
- Sympathetic nervous system suppressors
4 diuretics
Under RAS drugs state two subdivision
Angiotensin II inhibitors
AngiotensinII receptor agonist
Calcium channel antagonists and _____ make up direct vasodilators
Potassium channel antagonist
Sympathetic nervous system suppressors subdivision
Alpha and beta antagonist
Alpha agonist
3 examples of diuretics
Loop
Thiazide diuretics
Potassium sparing
State 5 function of AngiotensinII
1.It helps to constrict blood vessel increasing vascular resistance and arterial pressure
2.It helps to stimulate adrenal cortex to release Aldosterone which help in sodium and fluid retention
3. It stimulate the release of ADH(Vasopressin) which acts upon the kidney to increase fluid retention
4. It stimulate the release of noradrenaline enhancing sympathetic adrenergic response
5. It leads to vascular and cardiac hypertrophy
1 example of ACE inhibitors…( April)
Enalarpril, lisinopril benazepril
1 example of ACE inhibitors…( April)
Enalarpril, lisinopril benazepril
Mechanism of action for calcium channel blockers one example (dip in)
They inhibit calcium entry into cells of the arteries amlodipine, nisoldipine
What antihypertensive drug causes cough example
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors e.g Enalarpril
What antihypertensive drug causes cough example
Angiotensin II inhibitors e.g Enalarpril
Which drug has a major side effect of hirsutism
Potassium channel agonist e.g minoxidil
Which drug has a major side effect of hirsutism
Potassium channel agonist e.g minoxidil
What can treat hypertensive emergencies
Nitroprusside (k channel agonist
State 4 anti arrhythmia drug classes
Class 1: sodium channel blockers
Class 2 : beta blockers
Class 3: k channel blockers
Class 4: calcium channel blockers
Explain moa of ace inhibitors
ACE inhibitors will prevent the conversation of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 11
Arb moa
A drug bind to angiotensin II receptors and block
Example of ARB
Valsartan, losartan
One example of sodium channel blockers.
Quinidine sulfate
Lidocaine
Which class of drug is for tachycardia
Beta blockers e. Go propranolol
How many anti arrhythmic drugs classes
4
Cardio tonic drug is used to treat
Heart failure
Cardiotonic agents are
Drugs used to increase contract ability and output in a hypo dynamic heart without proportionate increase in 02 consumption
Hypo dynamic means reduced muscular activity
Cardiotonic agents are
Drugs used to increase contract ability and output in a hypo dynamic heart without proportionate increase in 02 consumption
Hypo dynamic means reduced muscular activity
The only heart tonic of vet importance
Is cardiac glycosides
The only heart tonic of vet importance
Is cardiac glycosides
Explain haematinics
Substance for the formation of bloody, also used to treat anaemia
Except iron dextran state other iron preparation
Ferrous succinate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous gluconate
Except iron dextran state other iron preparation
Ferrous succinate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous gluconate
Vitamin defeciency causes while iron defeciency
Macrocytic hypochromic anemia microcytic hypochromic anemia
Example of blood volume expanders
Gelatin,, blood serum, blood plasma, whole blood, dextran, electrolyte (ringers solutions, normal saline
