Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminol Flashcards
1
Q
___ is defined literally as the study of disease
A
Pathology
2
Q
Cattle
A
Bovine
3
Q
Dog
A
Canine
4
Q
Cat
A
Feline
5
Q
Horse
A
Equine
6
Q
Goat
A
Caprine
7
Q
Red, raised, pruritic lesions, commonly called “hives” are medically termed__.
A
urticaria
8
Q
Exuberant granulation tissue in a horse is commonly called __.
A
Proud flesh
9
Q
Any plant infection (e.g., from fungus) of the skin is called ___.
A
dermatophytosis
10
Q
An animal with __ has many extra toes
A
polydactyly
11
Q
The study of cells is medically termed __.
A
cytology
12
Q
A(n) __ injection is one administered into the loose connective tissue beneath the skin.
A
subcutaneous
13
Q
__ glands are located around the mouths of cats. They secrete pheromones for territorial marking.
A
Circumoral
14
Q
__ is abnormal hair loss in any amount.
A
Alopecia
15
Q
The sensation of itching is medically termed ___.
A
pruritus
16
Q
The __ is the most superficial layer on the skin composed of stratified squamous epithelium
A
epidermis
17
Q
__ is a process by which cells consume large particles and organisms
A
Phagocytosis
18
Q
The word part that is considered the foundation of a word is the __.
A
root word
19
Q
Inflammation of the skin is medically termed __.
A
dermatitis
20
Q
___ is the balanced, stable state of the body
A
Homeostasis
21
Q
___ occurs when the muscles attached to the hair follicles contract, causing the hairs to stand upright. In cold environments, this process provides an insulating layer of air trapped in the animal’s coat
A
Piloerection
22
Q
The three layers of connective tissue enclosing in the central nervous system are known as the:
A
meninges
23
Q
The __ vertebrae are those found in the neck
A
cervical
24
Q
A(n) ___ is a cell responsible for breaking down bone, as when remodeling of a callus in a fracture site is required
A
Osteoclast
25
Which nerve branches off the brachial plexus
Radial
26
The movement of ball and socket joints, like the the hip and shoulder, in which the limb can be drawn fully around is called __.
circumduction
27
The __ joint (or stifle joint) is a joint of the hindlimb formed between the femur and the tibia
femorotibial
28
The function of the iris to regulate the size of the:
pupil
29
The shoulder joint is medically called the __ joint
scapulohumeral
30
The __ is also called the shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
31
Head tilt, incoordination, and nystagmus are all possible symptoms of what?
Neurological disease
32
The act of drawing a limb toward the body is called
adduction
33
Inflammation of a joint is medically termed __.
arthritis
34
___ is inflammation of the inner ear.
Otitis
35
The bones immediately distal to the Tarsus are the __ bones
Metatarsal
36
Atlas and axis are bones located in the ___ spine
cervical
37
A small bump on a bone is generally called a(n) __.
tubercle
38
Which of the following bones are considered part of the appendicular skeleton?
scapula
39
The ___ nervous system is activated during a fear, fight, or flight response
Sympathetic
40
The domed upper section of a turtle shell is called the:
carapace
41
A(n) ___ is a a germinal cell that builds bone.
Osteoblast
42
Myelin is a lipoprotein that insulates:
neurons
43
The function of the ___ is to relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
thalamus
44
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for:
Increased heart rate after being startled
45
A(n) __ is a tough, flexible bundle of connective tissue that firmly holds two bones together.
Ligament
46
Which term is given to the bony cavity of the skull that contains the eyeball?
orbit
47
Which segment of the canine spine has the highest number of vertebrae?
thoracic
48
Which structure(s) monitor balance?
utricle and saccule
49
The vertebrae associated with the chest cavity are the ___ vertebrae.
thoracic
50
The long bone of the thigh that articulates with the pelvis is the:
femur
51
The __ is the growth plate of a bone from which the bone grows in length.
epiphyseal plate
52
The __ of a bone is located at the end of a long bone and is covered by articular cartilage
epiphysis
53
Ligaments connect:
Bone to bone
54
Which structures are classified as part of the peripheral nervous system?
spinal nerves
55
The area of the brain that controls balance and coordination is the:
cerebellum
56
__ vertebrae are those found in the tail.
Coccygeal
57
Inadequate blood volume or low hemoglobin concentration result in what color mucous membranes?
white
58
What vessel carries oxygenated blood toward the heart?
pulmonary vein
59
Which muscles are commonly used for intramuscular injections in dogs and cats?
Epaxial, quadriceps, triceps
60
The __ is pacemaker of the cardiac conduction system
sinoatrial node
61
An injection has been administered to a pet in the muscle that lies dorsal to the transverse processes of the vertebrae. Which muscle was injected?
epaxial muscle
62
Which of the following is associated with ventricular systole?
QRS complex
63
Flexes the toes of the paws by reducing angle of interphalangeal joint
Digital flexors
64
Adducts the shoulder joint to pull entire forelimb toward midline of the body
Pectorals
65
Flexes the front leg by decreasing the angle of the elbow joint
Biceps brachii
66
Extends the forelimb by increasing the angle of the elbow joint
Triceps
67
A(n) __ injection is a form of medication administration by which drugs are placed deep within muscle tissue.
Intramuscular
68
Which vein is used to collect a large amount of blood in a short time?
Jugular
69
Which type of tissue is responsible for generating body heat?
Muscle
70
__ is the act of drawing a limb away from the body.
Abduction
71
A(n) __ muscle group is one that would outstretch a joint, increasing the angle of the joint
Extensor
72
The muscle used for injections that runs on the cranial aspect of the thigh is the:
Quadriceps femoris
73
Which muscle extends the hip, flexes the stifle, and extends the hock of canine's hind limb?
semitendinosus
74
__ is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle is contracting
Systole
75
The muscle that flattens and increases the volume of the lungs is the:
diaphragm
76
The absence of any cardiac contraction is medically termed __.
asystole
77
What muscle adducts the shoulder joint to pull the forelimb toward the midline of the body?
pectorals
78
The medical term for heart muscle is __.
Myocardium
79
Structural defects involving heart valves are likely to create an audible turbulence known as a(n):
murmur
80
A(n) __ is a diagnostic procedure in which a machine records the electrical activity of the heart.
electrocardiogram
81
Disease of the lymph glands, often clinically recognized as an enlargement, is termed __.
lymphadenopathy
82
Lymph, when present is tissues, is called
interstitial fluid
83
An allergy is also called a(n) __ because of the body's overreaction to sensitization of various allergens.
hypersensitivity
84
The term dyspnea refers to :
Labored or difficult breathing
85
Which set of therms only contains lymphatic tissue?
Tonsils, thymus, spleen
86
Pulmonary is a term referring to:
The lungs
87
Another term for a nosebleed is:
Epistaxis
88
The volume of air that is inspired and expired in one respiration is called the:
Tidal volume
89
An abnormally shallow respiratory pattern is called:
Hypopnea
90
A productive cough is different from an unproductive cough in that a(n):
Productive cough brings up phlegm that helps to break up congestion
91
Vaccination is the administration of an antigen to stimulate a protective response against a specific infectious
True
92
An insufficient level oxygen in the body is called __.
hypoxia
93
A(n) __ reaction is a life-threatening allergic reaction in which all mast cells in the body release histamine
anaphylactic
94
Which of the following is collapsed lungs?
Atelectasis
95
Which of the following descriptive terms indicate redness?
Hyperemic, Eosinophilic, Erythematous
96
__ Pneumonia develops when an animal inspires foreign material into the lungs.
Aspiration
97
Resistance or exemption to disease is termed __. This quality is provided through the lymphatic system.
immunity
98
A foreign substance or invading organism that stimulates an immune response is known as a(n)
antigen
99
__ organisms are disease producers.
Pathogenic
100
Which animal regurgitates as a normal part of their digestion process?
cow
101
An adult feline has a total of __ teeth.
30
102
The __ sphincter is a specialized band of muscle tissue that controls the passage of ingesta from the stomach to the duodenum.
pyloric
103
The __ is considered the true stomach of ruminants
abomasum
104
__ are animals that eat both meat and vegetation.
Omnivores
105
Which animal does NOT have a monogastric stomach?
Cow
106
A(n) __ is an animal whose diet consists of plant material.
Herbivore
107
The __ is that region where the mouth and throat communicate.
Oropharynx
108
The __ is a component of both the respiratory and digestive system.
pharynx
109
The __ is a large digestive organ that occupies approximately the cranial third of the abdominal cavity and is responsible for the production of bile and bile salts
liver
110
What structure found in both avian and reptilian species acts as a common exit from the body from the urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems?
cloaca
111
Lipase, amylase, and trypsin are enzymes produced by the __.
pancreas
112
__ means pertaining to the tongue
Lingual
113
Inflammation of the mouth is termed __.
stomatitis
114
An adult feline has a total of __ canine teeth
4
115
Pepsin is a(n) __ enzyme, meaning it breaks down proteins.
proteolytic
116
A feline is classified as a(n)
carnivore
117
A(n) __ is a drug used to deter vomiting.
Antiemetic
118
Enlargement of the liver is called __.
hepatomegaly
119
__ disease is a progressive disease of the tissues surrounding the teeth that can be prevented through proper oral hygiene
Peridontal
120
A __ structure is one that is found associated with the liver
hepatic
121
The rhythmic, worm-like contractions of the digestive tract that propel ingesta through that tract are called ___.
peristalsis
122
Difficulty eating is called __
dysphagia
123
Forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth is known as:
vomiting
124
The medical term that pertains to the time after a meal is __.
postprandial
125
Renal conservation of water for the body is controlled by __ hormone
Antidiuretic
126
__ is a disease syndrome of the urinary system in which urinary tract stones are formed
Urolithiasis
127
The kidneys lie __ in relation to the abdominal cavity
retroperitoneal
128
A(n) __ is a surgical procedure in which the urethra is incised, creating a permanent opening.
Urethrostomy
129
The __ is the portion of the nephron that is composed of a bundle of capillaries and is responsible for filtering wastes and other components from the blood
glomerulus
130
___ is a procedure in which urine is withdrawn via puncture of the bladder using a syringe and needle through the abdominal wall
Cystocentesis
131
Production of small amounts of urine is medically termed __.
oliguria
132
Frequent urination is medically termed __.
pollakiuria
133
A(n) __ sample is a urine sample that is equal in strength (osmotically speaking) to the plasma. Therefore, the urine filtrate has not been concentrated by the kidneys
isosthenuric
134
__ is an accumulation of nitrogenous substances in the blood. Animals with this condition may be asymptomatic.
Azotemia
135
__ is a condition in which excessive amounts of urine are produced.
Polyuria
136
A(n) __ is a surgical procedure in which the bladder is cut open, often for the removal of urinary stones.
Cystotomy
137
Bloody urine is medically termed __.
hematuria
138
Inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis is medically termed ___.
pyelonephritis
139
The ___ is a small tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
ureter
140
Difficulty urinating is medically termed __.
dysuria
141
Glucose in the urine is medically termed ___.
glycosuria
142
___ is inflammation of one or both kidneys.
Nephritis
143
Inflammation of the bladder is called ___.
cytitis
144
In a cute renal failure, animals that produced no urine have developed ___
anuria
145
The first milk containing maternal antibodies is called ___.
colostrum
146
Which gland secretes glucagon and insulin?
Pancreas
147
Which organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
The pancreas
148
The ___ is a strong muscular shincter that separates the uterus from the vagina
cervix
149
Animals who experience numerous estrous cycles during a sexual season are termed ___.
polyestrous
150
The __ gland, which surrounds the proximal urethra in the male animal, is responsible for secreting a fluid component found in semen.
prostate
151
The act of giving birth to kittens is called:
gueening
152
The production of sperm is medically termed ___.
spermatogenesis
153
Of the following species, which has the shortest gestation period?
rabbit
154
An orchiectomy or orchidectomy or ___ is a surgical operation in which the testes are removed from the male animal.
castration
155
The reproductive state in which a female animal is carrying young in utero is called __.
gestation
156
Which animal has a gestation period of approximately 3months, 3weeks, and 3days?
Pig
157
Ovaries contain ___, also known a the egg cells.
oocytes
158
A(n) __ female is any female animal that experiences only one estrous cycle during a sexual season.
Monestrous
159
__ is the process of difficult birth.
Dystocia
160
Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?
adrenaline and cortisol
161
Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the pancreas?
oxytocin
162
What symptoms are often seen in feline patients with hyperthyroidism?
tachycardia and increased appetite
163
The reproductive organ that protects and nourishes the developing fetus is called the:
uterus
164
Estrogen is produced in the ___.
Ovary
165
The ___ surrounds the fetus while it is in the uterus
amniotic sac
166
What's is the term for the protective outer sheath that covers a male animal's penis?
prepuce
167
Felines are ___ ovulators, meaning ova are released in response to mating.
induced
168
A(n) ___ is a surgical procedure in which the ovaries and uterus are removed from the female animal.
Ovariohysterectomy
169
Which hormone helps the kidneys regulate blood pressure and water retention in the body?
antidiuretic hormone
170
Of the following species, which has the longest gestation period?
horse
171
___ is a specialized process of cellular division of sexual cells in which only one half of the original chromosomes of the parent cell are found in the daughter cells.
Meiosis
172
The testes are connected to the rest of the body by what structure
spermatic cord
173
A condition in which pus accumulates in the uterus is medically termed a(n) ___.
pyometra
174
A male animal in which neither of the testes descends into the scrotal sac is called a(n) ___.
cryptorchid
