Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminol Flashcards
___ is defined literally as the study of disease
Pathology
Cattle
Bovine
Dog
Canine
Cat
Feline
Horse
Equine
Goat
Caprine
Red, raised, pruritic lesions, commonly called “hives” are medically termed__.
urticaria
Exuberant granulation tissue in a horse is commonly called __.
Proud flesh
Any plant infection (e.g., from fungus) of the skin is called ___.
dermatophytosis
An animal with __ has many extra toes
polydactyly
The study of cells is medically termed __.
cytology
A(n) __ injection is one administered into the loose connective tissue beneath the skin.
subcutaneous
__ glands are located around the mouths of cats. They secrete pheromones for territorial marking.
Circumoral
__ is abnormal hair loss in any amount.
Alopecia
The sensation of itching is medically termed ___.
pruritus
The __ is the most superficial layer on the skin composed of stratified squamous epithelium
epidermis
__ is a process by which cells consume large particles and organisms
Phagocytosis
The word part that is considered the foundation of a word is the __.
root word
Inflammation of the skin is medically termed __.
dermatitis
___ is the balanced, stable state of the body
Homeostasis
___ occurs when the muscles attached to the hair follicles contract, causing the hairs to stand upright. In cold environments, this process provides an insulating layer of air trapped in the animal’s coat
Piloerection
The three layers of connective tissue enclosing in the central nervous system are known as the:
meninges
The __ vertebrae are those found in the neck
cervical
A(n) ___ is a cell responsible for breaking down bone, as when remodeling of a callus in a fracture site is required
Osteoclast
Which nerve branches off the brachial plexus
Radial
The movement of ball and socket joints, like the the hip and shoulder, in which the limb can be drawn fully around is called __.
circumduction
The __ joint (or stifle joint) is a joint of the hindlimb formed between the femur and the tibia
femorotibial
The function of the iris to regulate the size of the:
pupil
The shoulder joint is medically called the __ joint
scapulohumeral
The __ is also called the shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
Head tilt, incoordination, and nystagmus are all possible symptoms of what?
Neurological disease
The act of drawing a limb toward the body is called
adduction
Inflammation of a joint is medically termed __.
arthritis
___ is inflammation of the inner ear.
Otitis
The bones immediately distal to the Tarsus are the __ bones
Metatarsal
Atlas and axis are bones located in the ___ spine
cervical
A small bump on a bone is generally called a(n) __.
tubercle
Which of the following bones are considered part of the appendicular skeleton?
scapula
The ___ nervous system is activated during a fear, fight, or flight response
Sympathetic
The domed upper section of a turtle shell is called the:
carapace
A(n) ___ is a a germinal cell that builds bone.
Osteoblast
Myelin is a lipoprotein that insulates:
neurons
The function of the ___ is to relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
thalamus
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for:
Increased heart rate after being startled
A(n) __ is a tough, flexible bundle of connective tissue that firmly holds two bones together.
Ligament
Which term is given to the bony cavity of the skull that contains the eyeball?
orbit
Which segment of the canine spine has the highest number of vertebrae?
thoracic
Which structure(s) monitor balance?
utricle and saccule
The vertebrae associated with the chest cavity are the ___ vertebrae.
thoracic
The long bone of the thigh that articulates with the pelvis is the:
femur
The __ is the growth plate of a bone from which the bone grows in length.
epiphyseal plate
The __ of a bone is located at the end of a long bone and is covered by articular cartilage
epiphysis
Ligaments connect:
Bone to bone
Which structures are classified as part of the peripheral nervous system?
spinal nerves
The area of the brain that controls balance and coordination is the:
cerebellum
__ vertebrae are those found in the tail.
Coccygeal
Inadequate blood volume or low hemoglobin concentration result in what color mucous membranes?
white
What vessel carries oxygenated blood toward the heart?
pulmonary vein
Which muscles are commonly used for intramuscular injections in dogs and cats?
Epaxial, quadriceps, triceps
The __ is pacemaker of the cardiac conduction system
sinoatrial node
An injection has been administered to a pet in the muscle that lies dorsal to the transverse processes of the vertebrae. Which muscle was injected?
epaxial muscle
Which of the following is associated with ventricular systole?
QRS complex
Flexes the toes of the paws by reducing angle of interphalangeal joint
Digital flexors
Adducts the shoulder joint to pull entire forelimb toward midline of the body
Pectorals
Flexes the front leg by decreasing the angle of the elbow joint
Biceps brachii
Extends the forelimb by increasing the angle of the elbow joint
Triceps
A(n) __ injection is a form of medication administration by which drugs are placed deep within muscle tissue.
Intramuscular
Which vein is used to collect a large amount of blood in a short time?
Jugular
Which type of tissue is responsible for generating body heat?
Muscle
__ is the act of drawing a limb away from the body.
Abduction
A(n) __ muscle group is one that would outstretch a joint, increasing the angle of the joint
Extensor
The muscle used for injections that runs on the cranial aspect of the thigh is the:
Quadriceps femoris
Which muscle extends the hip, flexes the stifle, and extends the hock of canine’s hind limb?
semitendinosus
__ is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle is contracting
Systole
The muscle that flattens and increases the volume of the lungs is the:
diaphragm
The absence of any cardiac contraction is medically termed __.
asystole
What muscle adducts the shoulder joint to pull the forelimb toward the midline of the body?
pectorals
The medical term for heart muscle is __.
Myocardium
Structural defects involving heart valves are likely to create an audible turbulence known as a(n):
murmur
A(n) __ is a diagnostic procedure in which a machine records the electrical activity of the heart.
electrocardiogram
Disease of the lymph glands, often clinically recognized as an enlargement, is termed __.
lymphadenopathy
Lymph, when present is tissues, is called
interstitial fluid
An allergy is also called a(n) __ because of the body’s overreaction to sensitization of various allergens.
hypersensitivity
The term dyspnea refers to :
Labored or difficult breathing
Which set of therms only contains lymphatic tissue?
Tonsils, thymus, spleen
Pulmonary is a term referring to:
The lungs
Another term for a nosebleed is:
Epistaxis
The volume of air that is inspired and expired in one respiration is called the:
Tidal volume
An abnormally shallow respiratory pattern is called:
Hypopnea
A productive cough is different from an unproductive cough in that a(n):
Productive cough brings up phlegm that helps to break up congestion
Vaccination is the administration of an antigen to stimulate a protective response against a specific infectious
True
An insufficient level oxygen in the body is called __.
hypoxia
A(n) __ reaction is a life-threatening allergic reaction in which all mast cells in the body release histamine
anaphylactic
Which of the following is collapsed lungs?
Atelectasis
Which of the following descriptive terms indicate redness?
Hyperemic, Eosinophilic, Erythematous
__ Pneumonia develops when an animal inspires foreign material into the lungs.
Aspiration
Resistance or exemption to disease is termed __. This quality is provided through the lymphatic system.
immunity
A foreign substance or invading organism that stimulates an immune response is known as a(n)
antigen
__ organisms are disease producers.
Pathogenic
Which animal regurgitates as a normal part of their digestion process?
cow
An adult feline has a total of __ teeth.
30
The __ sphincter is a specialized band of muscle tissue that controls the passage of ingesta from the stomach to the duodenum.
pyloric
The __ is considered the true stomach of ruminants
abomasum
__ are animals that eat both meat and vegetation.
Omnivores
Which animal does NOT have a monogastric stomach?
Cow
A(n) __ is an animal whose diet consists of plant material.
Herbivore
The __ is that region where the mouth and throat communicate.
Oropharynx
The __ is a component of both the respiratory and digestive system.
pharynx
The __ is a large digestive organ that occupies approximately the cranial third of the abdominal cavity and is responsible for the production of bile and bile salts
liver
What structure found in both avian and reptilian species acts as a common exit from the body from the urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems?
cloaca
Lipase, amylase, and trypsin are enzymes produced by the __.
pancreas
__ means pertaining to the tongue
Lingual
Inflammation of the mouth is termed __.
stomatitis
An adult feline has a total of __ canine teeth
4
Pepsin is a(n) __ enzyme, meaning it breaks down proteins.
proteolytic
A feline is classified as a(n)
carnivore
A(n) __ is a drug used to deter vomiting.
Antiemetic
Enlargement of the liver is called __.
hepatomegaly
__ disease is a progressive disease of the tissues surrounding the teeth that can be prevented through proper oral hygiene
Peridontal
A __ structure is one that is found associated with the liver
hepatic
The rhythmic, worm-like contractions of the digestive tract that propel ingesta through that tract are called ___.
peristalsis
Difficulty eating is called __
dysphagia
Forcible expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth is known as:
vomiting
The medical term that pertains to the time after a meal is __.
postprandial
Renal conservation of water for the body is controlled by __ hormone
Antidiuretic
__ is a disease syndrome of the urinary system in which urinary tract stones are formed
Urolithiasis
The kidneys lie __ in relation to the abdominal cavity
retroperitoneal
A(n) __ is a surgical procedure in which the urethra is incised, creating a permanent opening.
Urethrostomy
The __ is the portion of the nephron that is composed of a bundle of capillaries and is responsible for filtering wastes and other components from the blood
glomerulus
___ is a procedure in which urine is withdrawn via puncture of the bladder using a syringe and needle through the abdominal wall
Cystocentesis
Production of small amounts of urine is medically termed __.
oliguria
Frequent urination is medically termed __.
pollakiuria
A(n) __ sample is a urine sample that is equal in strength (osmotically speaking) to the plasma. Therefore, the urine filtrate has not been concentrated by the kidneys
isosthenuric
__ is an accumulation of nitrogenous substances in the blood. Animals with this condition may be asymptomatic.
Azotemia
__ is a condition in which excessive amounts of urine are produced.
Polyuria
A(n) __ is a surgical procedure in which the bladder is cut open, often for the removal of urinary stones.
Cystotomy
Bloody urine is medically termed __.
hematuria
Inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis is medically termed ___.
pyelonephritis
The ___ is a small tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
ureter
Difficulty urinating is medically termed __.
dysuria
Glucose in the urine is medically termed ___.
glycosuria
___ is inflammation of one or both kidneys.
Nephritis
Inflammation of the bladder is called ___.
cytitis
In a cute renal failure, animals that produced no urine have developed ___
anuria
The first milk containing maternal antibodies is called ___.
colostrum
Which gland secretes glucagon and insulin?
Pancreas
Which organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
The pancreas
The ___ is a strong muscular shincter that separates the uterus from the vagina
cervix
Animals who experience numerous estrous cycles during a sexual season are termed ___.
polyestrous
The __ gland, which surrounds the proximal urethra in the male animal, is responsible for secreting a fluid component found in semen.
prostate
The act of giving birth to kittens is called:
gueening
The production of sperm is medically termed ___.
spermatogenesis
Of the following species, which has the shortest gestation period?
rabbit
An orchiectomy or orchidectomy or ___ is a surgical operation in which the testes are removed from the male animal.
castration
The reproductive state in which a female animal is carrying young in utero is called __.
gestation
Which animal has a gestation period of approximately 3months, 3weeks, and 3days?
Pig
Ovaries contain ___, also known a the egg cells.
oocytes
A(n) __ female is any female animal that experiences only one estrous cycle during a sexual season.
Monestrous
__ is the process of difficult birth.
Dystocia
Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?
adrenaline and cortisol
Which of the following hormones is NOT released by the pancreas?
oxytocin
What symptoms are often seen in feline patients with hyperthyroidism?
tachycardia and increased appetite
The reproductive organ that protects and nourishes the developing fetus is called the:
uterus
Estrogen is produced in the ___.
Ovary
The ___ surrounds the fetus while it is in the uterus
amniotic sac
What’s is the term for the protective outer sheath that covers a male animal’s penis?
prepuce
Felines are ___ ovulators, meaning ova are released in response to mating.
induced
A(n) ___ is a surgical procedure in which the ovaries and uterus are removed from the female animal.
Ovariohysterectomy
Which hormone helps the kidneys regulate blood pressure and water retention in the body?
antidiuretic hormone
Of the following species, which has the longest gestation period?
horse
___ is a specialized process of cellular division of sexual cells in which only one half of the original chromosomes of the parent cell are found in the daughter cells.
Meiosis
The testes are connected to the rest of the body by what structure
spermatic cord
A condition in which pus accumulates in the uterus is medically termed a(n) ___.
pyometra
A male animal in which neither of the testes descends into the scrotal sac is called a(n) ___.
cryptorchid
