Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Block 6 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

Conscious sensation

A

Vestibulothalamicocortical (ascending) pathway to cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reflexive postural movements in response to changes in head position

A

Vestibulospinal network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Refined reflex movements in response to changes in head position

A

Vestibulocerebellar system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reflex mediating conjugate eye movements in response to changes in head position

A

Vestibuli-ocular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the semicircular canals connected to

A

The utricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Each semi circular canal ends with a single prominent enlargement called the

A

Ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensory receptors of the semicircular canals reside in the _______

A

Cupola at the base of each ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the semicircular canals transduce

A

Rotational head movements (angular acceleration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are the otoliths organs located

A

Utricle and saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the otolith organs respond to

A

Linear accelerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The horizontal semicircular canals are activated by

A

Movement in the horizontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anterior and posterior semicircular canals respond to what

A

Movement in the vertical planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The two vertical canals sense what

A

Tilt in different directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do the sterocilia that project from

A

The apical surface of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the talles hair cell of the stereocilia

A

Kinocilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are the stereocilia oriented

A

In rows of ascending height, with the tallest lying next to the lone kinocilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do the stereocilia move

A

In a wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Within each ampulla, the hair cells and their supporting cells lie in a neuroepothelial ridge called the ______, which extends across the base of the ampulla

A

Crista

Sensory transduction here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endolymph motion

A

Flows in direction opposite of movement of head, warps cupula, warps cilia, gives electrophysical tranduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rotational head movements produces _____________ that causes the endolymph in the membranous ducts to be displaced in ____________

A

Angular acceleration

In opposite direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Excitement or inhibition of receptor cells

A

Displacement in one direction activated (depolarization) the receptor cells, whereas displacement in the other direction inhibits (hyperpolarizes) the receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does linear accelerations result in

A

Produce displacements of the otoconia, resulting in bending of the underlying hair cell stereocilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Movement of the stereocilia toward the kinocilium

A

Cause the hair cell membranes to depolarize, whihc results in an increases rate of firing and release of NT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If the stereocilia are deflected away from the kinoceilium

A

The hair cell is hyperolarized and the afferent firing rate decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The vestibular hair cells lay in ____________ rich endolymph

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Deflection of stereocilia toward the kinocilium causes ____________ channels in the apical portions of the stereocilia to open, depolarizing the cell membrane

A

potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Left-ward head-turn

A
  • left horizontal canal, endolymph flows in clockwise direction, opposite to the left-ward head turn, exciting hair cells of left horizontal canal
  • right horizontal canals, endolymph flows in a clockwise direction away from the kinocilium, inhibiting the hair cells of the right canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Leftward turn of the head causes

A

A clockwise flow of endolymph in the left horizontal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Leftward turn of the head and the right horizontal canal

A

Inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How do the left and right semicircular canals of each functional pair walkways respond

A

Oppositely, with one side excited and the opposite side inhibited

31
Q

What do otolith organs respond to

A

Tilt, not turn

32
Q

The receptor cells in each vestibular organ are innervated by

A

Primary afferent fibers that join with those from the cochlea to comprise the vestibulocochlear Cranial nerve

33
Q

Cell bodies of the primary afferent fibers of the receptor cells in vestibular organs

A

Bipolar neuron, in the vestibular ganglion

34
Q

Where do the central processes of the bipolar neurons of hot evestibular organs terminate

A

In the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei in medulla

35
Q

Where are the vestibular nuclei

A

In the rostral medulla and caudal pons

36
Q

The ___________ nucleus lies superolaterally in the central pons and is bordered by the restiform body and the fourth ventricle

A

Superior vestibular

37
Q

The _________ nucleus lies in the lateral floor of the fourth ventricle trough most of its rostrocaudal extent

A

Medial vestibular

38
Q

The _____ nucleus is lateral to the medial vestibular nucleus

A

Lateral vestibular

39
Q

The ______ nucleus extends through much of hte medulla

A

Inferior vestibular

40
Q

These are the afferent fibers in the vestibular apparatus project to the vestibular nuclei in the vestibulo-thalami-cortical pathway

A

1st order sensory neurons

41
Q

2nd order neurons in the vestibulo-thalami-cortical pathway

A

2nd order neurons in the vestibular nuclei, project to thalamus bilaterally

42
Q

3rd order neurons in the vestibulo-thalamo-cortical pathways

A

Project to several cerebral cortical regions

43
Q

What does the diversity of the thalamic nuclei and cortical regions reflect

A

Multi sensory integration

44
Q

Visual-spatial and vestibular integration

A

Posterior parietal cortex

45
Q

Integration of sensation of acceleration with crude touch and pressure (feeling pressure in feet in elevator)

A

Somatosensory cortex

46
Q

Upper motor neurons for voluntary eye movements

A

Frontal eye fields

47
Q

Part auditory, part visual sensation

A

Posterior insular and parieto-temporal cortex

48
Q

The vestibular system influences _____________ through the two descending medial and lateral vestibulospinal tracts

A

Muscle tone and produces reflexive postural adjustments of the head and body

49
Q

What do the lateral and medial vestibulospinal tracts target

A

The LMN of the spinal cord serving muscles for the head and body movements.

50
Q

Where does the medial vesticulospinal tract descend to

A

In the medial medulla and medial spinal cord

51
Q

The medial vestibulospinal tract is synonymous with

A

Medial longtitudinal fasciculus (MLF)q

52
Q

What descending tract is responsible for head and neck

A

Medial vestibulospinal tract

53
Q

What descending tract is responsible for limbs

A

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

54
Q

Where does the medial vestibulospinal tract terminate

A

Bilaterally in the cervical spinal cord

55
Q

What is the MVST analogous to

A

Anterior corticospinal tract: both regulate axial musculature, not the extremities

56
Q

How do fibers of the lVST course

A

Ipsilaterally through the lateral medulla, then ipsilaterally through the anterior funciculus of the spinal cord and exciting the tract to synapse ipsilaterally on LMNs

57
Q

The LVST can exert an _______ on extensor muscle motor neurons

A

Excitatory

58
Q

Unilateral lesions to the LVST system

A

Produce ipsilateral instability or falls

59
Q

The LVST is analogous to the

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

60
Q

The patient experiences the sensation of spinning while things in the environment are not moving

A

Subjective vertigo

61
Q

The sensation is one of hte environment spinning while the patient is not moving

A

Objective vertigo

62
Q

In this disease, there is an increases of endolymph volume, resulting in an abnormal distinction of the membranous labyrinth

A

Ménière’s disease

63
Q

Symptoms of Ménière’s disease

A

Severe vertigo

64
Q

One of the most common vestibular disorders observed clinically

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

65
Q

Characterized by brief episodes of vertigo with coincide with particular changes in body postion

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

66
Q

Otoconia lodged in cupula

A

Begging paroxysmal positional vertigo

67
Q

Tumors on the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Change normal firing rates , interpreted in the brain as head turning

68
Q

How are tumors on the glomus or vestibular Schwann cells translate?

A

Interpreted as a head turn away from the side of the lesion

69
Q

What happens if a tumor of the vestibulocochlear region expands from the bony canal of VIII to cerebellum-pontine angle-where cerebellum and pons-medulla border meet

A

It can affect the VII and V nerves, cerebellar function, lateral PNS/medulla

70
Q

Patients often present with severe vertigo, nausea, and vomitting yet have no accompanying hearing loss or other central nervous system abnormalities

A

Vestibular neuritis

71
Q

How is vestibular neuritis diagnosed

A

It is thought to involve edema of the vestibular nerve (or ganglion)

72
Q

What is the most common cause of vestibular neuritis?

A

Acute viral infection such as herpes simplex

73
Q

Unilateral CNS damage in the vestibular nuclei

A

Interpretation of head/body movement toward the intact side

Neuro Block 6 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions