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Neuro Block 6 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What does this functional system do: vestibulocerrebellum

A

Vestibular input and balance

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2
Q

What does this function system do: spinocerebellum

A

Proprioceptive input and coordination

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3
Q

What does this functional system do: cerebrocerebellar

A

Motor input and coordination

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4
Q

What are the 3 zones of cortex? (Major cerebellar functional systems )

A

Vestibulocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum

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5
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

A
  • flocculo-nodular lobe
  • input: vestibular sense
  • output: regulates UMN
  • mostly balance
  • trunk/axial muscles
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6
Q

Spinocerebellum

A
  • vermis and para vermal
  • input: proprioception
  • output: regulates LMNs
  • balance, coordination
  • axial and limb muscles
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7
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

A
  • lateral hemispheres
  • inpu: motor cortex
  • output: motor cortex
  • mostly coordination
  • motor skill learning
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8
Q

What has output to LMNs

A

Vestibulocerebellum

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9
Q

What has vestibular output

A

Vestibulocerebellum

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10
Q

What are the 3 cell layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Molecular layer
Purkinje cell layer
Granular layer
White Matter

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11
Q

Principal cells types in the cerebellum

A

Mossy fiber
- input: vestibular, proprioception, motor
Climbing fiber
-input from inferior olivary complex
Purkinje
-output from cerebellar cortex to deep nuclei

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12
Q

Where do vestibular nerve fibers project to

A

Floccular-nodular lobe as well as to vestibular nuclei

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13
Q

Where does the flocular nodular lobe project to

A

Vestibular nuclei

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14
Q

Once the floccular nodular projects to the vestibular nuclei, where do they project front here

A

Either to the medial vestibular tract or the lateral vestibular tract

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15
Q

Projections to the medial vestibulospinal tract

A

Projections from vestibular nuclei descend bilaterally to target LMNs for motor coordination of head and axial trunk muscles

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16
Q

What is responsible for targeting LMNs of motor coordination of head and axial neck muscles

A

Medial vestibulospinal tract

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17
Q

Ipsilateral coordination of proximal limbs/anti gravity

A

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

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18
Q

Deficits of the vestibulocerebellum

A

-impaired balance especially during gait. Tend to fall toward side of lesion

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19
Q

What vasculature feeds the inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

PICA

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20
Q

What is the flocculi supplied by

A

AICA

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21
Q

Arterial supply of the nodulus

A

PICA

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22
Q

What part of cerebellum does the AICA supply in lobes

A

Lateral cortex and cerebellar peduncles

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23
Q

What does the PICA supply in cerebellum lobes

A

Medial aspect of inferior surface

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24
Q

Cerebellopontine angle tumor

A

Not a type of tumor, but a location

Can start as vestibular schwannoma
Can compress lateral medulla, inferior cerebellar peduncle, lateral pons, flocculus

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25
Q

What has the following input: muscle stretch, body/limb position, muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs

A

Spinocerebellar system

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26
Q

Proprioceptive input, regulation of LMNs

A

Spinocerebellar system

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27
Q

Non-conscious, reflex

A

Spinocerebellar

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28
Q

Where are all spinocerebellar tracts located

A

Lateral edge of spinal cord and brainstem

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29
Q

Info from spinocerebellar pathways

A

Proprioceptive info to ipsilateral cerebellum

30
Q

What does Friedreichs ataxia causes a problem with

A

Spinocerebellar system

31
Q

Spinocerebellar regulates what side of body

A

Ipsilateral

32
Q

Cerebellar zone of verbal divsion of spinocerebellum

A

Verbal cerebellar cortex

33
Q

Cerebellar deep nuclei of the verbal divsion of the spinocerebellum

A

Fastigual nucleus

34
Q

Where does the fastigial nucleus project to

A

Vestibular nuclei

35
Q

What kind of input does the vermeil division of the spinocerebellum have to cerebullum

A

Proprioceptive input via spinocerebellar tracts

36
Q

What two places does the vernal divsion of the spinocerebellum fastigual nucleus project to

A

Vestibular nucleus

Reticular formation

37
Q

What does the projection from the fastigual nucleus to the vestibular tract activate

A

Vestibulospinal tracts

38
Q

That does the projection of the fastigial nucleus to the reticular formation activate

A

Reticulospinal tracts

39
Q

Use of proprioceptive sensor info to optimize coordination of trunk and proximal limbs

A

Normal function of the verbal divsion of the spinocerebellum

40
Q

Deficits in the spinocerebellum verbal division

A

Truncated/gait ataxia (walk as if drunk). Bilateral

41
Q

Tests you can do to check the verbal division of the spinocerebellum

A

Romberg sign, tandem gait

42
Q

What is being checked in a filed sobriety test

A

Verbal division of the spinocerebellum

43
Q

Proprioceptive input via spinocerebellar tracts, to cerebellum on side ipsilateral to origin of sensation

A

Para-vermal division of the spinocerebellum

44
Q

Cerebellar deep nuclei of the paravermal division of the spinocerebellum

A

Globose and emboliform

45
Q

Descending pathways targeting LMNs (paravermal division of the spinocerebellum)

A

Rubrospinal tract

46
Q

What system has two midline crossings

A

Paravermal division of the spinocerebellum

47
Q

Where are the two crossings of the paravermal divsion of the spinocerebellum

A

Deep nuclei to red nucleus

Rubrospinal tract back to original side

48
Q

What side of body does the paravermal cerebellar cortex control and why is this peculiar

A

Ipsilateral side

It crosses the midline, but it does it twice so it ends up on the same side as it started on

49
Q

Coordination of ipsilateral distal limbs

A

Paravermal division of the spinocerebellum

50
Q

Deficits of the paravermal division of the spinocerebellum

A

Ipsilateral. Decreased limb coordination. Appendicular ataxia, dysmetria, dysrhythmia

51
Q

What optimizes UMNs

A

Cerebrocerebellum:lateral cerebellar cortex

52
Q

Motor information from UMNs, synapse in ipsilateral pontine nuclei, pontocerebellar projections cross midline to enter contralateral cerebellar hemispheres

A

Lateral cerebellar cortex (cerebrocerebellum)

53
Q

Cerebellar deep nuclei of the cerebrocerebellum lateral cerebellar cortex

A

Dentate

54
Q

Ascending pathway targeting UMN (Lateral cerebellar cortex)

A

Dentato-Rubro-thalamic pathway, crosses back to original side

Left motor cortex interacts with right lateral cerebellum, with both influencing right side of body

55
Q

Normal functions of the lateral cerebellar cortex

A

Feedback to motor cortex, optimizes planning and execution of voluntary movements, primarily of limbs. Critical for timing, accuracy, smoothness, skilled/learned movements, sequences of movements

56
Q

Deficits of hte lateral cerebellar cortex

A

Appendicular ataxia, dysmetria, dysrhythmia, dysdiadochokinesia, dysarthria, scanning speech, action or intention tremor

57
Q

What deficit is specific to lateral cerebeal or cortex deficit

A

Action or intention tremor

58
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncles to red nuclei

A

Exit the SCP
Cross cross in caudal midbrain, forming the decussation of the SCPs
Projections continue in contralteral direction to terminate in red nucleus contralateral to the original side of the cerebeallr hemisphere

59
Q

Nystagmus and cerebellum dysfunction

A

Damage to an of the 3 major cerebellar systems can produce nystagmus, but direction may vary

60
Q

Overshoot or undershoot of saccades

A

Ocular dysmetria

61
Q

What are some problems with sacades that can happen due to problems with the cerebellum

A

Ocular dysmetria
Slow saccades
Jerky or choppy nature

62
Q

Vestibular ocular reflex in cerebellum problems

A
  • exaggerated EOM responses to head movement

- failure of visual suppression of VOR

63
Q

Arterial supply of the superior surface of superior cerebellar peduncles

A

Superior cerebellar artery

64
Q

Arterial supply to the lateral aspect of the inferior surface, middle cerebellar peduncles

A

AICA

65
Q

Arterial supply of the medial aspect of the inferior surface, inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

PICA

66
Q

Arterial supply of the superior surface of the cerebellum

A

Superior cerebellar artery

67
Q

Arterial supply of the cortex and cerebellar peduncles

A

AICA

68
Q

Arterial supply of the medial aspect of the inferior surface

A

PICA

69
Q

Cerebellopontine tumor

A

Junction of CN8 and medullopontine border

70
Q

Primary cerebellar tumor, originates deep to cerebellar cortex

A

Medulloblastoma

71
Q

Antibodies originally generated against antigens in a tumor can cause cross react with normal Ag and induce AI attack on cerebellum

A

Paraneoplastic syndtomes

Secondary to tumor formation

Neuro Block 6 (8 decks)

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