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Neuro Block 6 > Brainstem And Cerebellum > Flashcards

Brainstem And Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Regions in the infratentorial compartment

A

Brainstem and cerebellum

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2
Q

What on the brainstem do we test in neurological exams?

A

CN 3-12

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3
Q

What do we test on the cerebellum in neurological exams

A

Motor coordination and balance

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4
Q

Where does the central canal start?

A

In medulla, so its considered part of the infratentorial compartment

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5
Q

Horizontal streaks on the pons

A

Formed by axon fibers from pons crossing midline to cerebellum. These fibers form the ventral bulge

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6
Q

What connects the cerebral hemisphere and brainstem together

A

Crus cerebri (cerebral peduncles)

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7
Q

Where is CN3-4?

A

Midbrain

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8
Q

Where is CN 5-7?

A

Pons

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9
Q

Where is CN 8-12?

A

Medulla

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10
Q

What is the only CN that comes off back of brainstem

A

Trochlear nerve

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11
Q

Where is the cerebellum attached to the brainstem

A

At the peduncles

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12
Q

Midbrain features

A

Crus cerebri
Colliculi
Trochlear nerve

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13
Q

Pons level features

A 
Contours of 4th ventricle
Lateral recesses (foramen)
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14
Q

Medulla features

A

Transition from 4th ventricle to central canal

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15
Q

Things about the horizontal section through the pons

A 
Contours of pons
Basilar pons (bulging)
Tegmetun of pons
4th V
Cerebellum
Middle cerebellar peduncle
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16
Q

Notes about the horizontal section through medulla

A

Contours
Pyramids
Olivary eminence
Restiform body

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17
Q

What are considered the ‘horizontal systems’

A

Cranial nerves

18
Q

Testing cranial nerves

A 
High yield Dx tools
Testing horizontal levels
Sensory functions
Motor functions
Reflex circuits
19
Q

Input to cerebellum

A

Vestibular

Proprio motor

20
Q

Output of cerebellum

A

Regulates UMNs and LMNs, balance and coordination

21
Q

What do we mean when we talk about longitudinal systems

A

Long tracts

  • corticospinal and cortconuclear
  • dorsal column system
  • anterolateral system
22
Q

What kind of motorneurons are in the brainstem?

A

Lower motor neurons

Upper are int he precentral gyrus

23
Q

Voluntary motor function

A

Corticospinal and corticobulbar systems

24
Q

Corticospinal system

A
  • ventral position of tract until caudal to pyramidal decussation
  • goes through cerebral peduncles
  • through basilar pons
  • through pyramids and decussation
  • left side of body and face represented on right precentral gyrus
25
Q

Anterolateral tract

A
  • lateral position of anterolateral tract all the way up spinal cord and brainstem
  • comes in dorsal root, synapses on dorsal horn, postsynaptic crosses anterior white commisure and goes to tract and then up the tract on the lateral side
  • right side of body and face represent on left postcentral gyrus

Lateral brainstem damage-pain and temp problems in body

26
Q

Dorsal column (medial lemniscus system)

A
  • fine touch/proprioception
  • comes in dorsal root and immediately up the tract, no synapse at cord level
  • synapses in caudal medulla and then crosses midline here.
  • second order neuron joins the medial lemniscus tract after rostral medulla (medially)
  • shifts laterally as it goes up
  • right side of body and face represented on left postcentral gyrus
27
Q

Long tracts: voluntary movement and somatosensory

A
  • corticospinal system
  • anterolateral system
  • dorsal column-medial lemniscus system
  • spinocerebellar
  • other descending tracts to anterior horns
  • other descending regulatory systems
28
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei and systems

A

Hypoglossal (XII) to oculomotor (III)

-sensory, motor, reflexes

29
Q

Origins of ascending cerebral systems to cerebral cortex (conscious)

A
  • somatosensory and viscerosensroy: from spinal cord and trigeminal system
  • auditory and vestibular systems
  • taste: generally not tested
30
Q

What does the primary fissure of the cerebellum divide?

A

Anterior and posterior lobe

31
Q

What does the horizontal fissure divide?

A

Nothing, it is on the inferior cerebellar surface, and above this is the superior cerebellar surface

32
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncles

A

Mostly ascending output to motor cortex (cerebral)

33
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncles

A

Mostly fibers enterinf with info from motor cortex

34
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

Proprioceptive and vestibuloar input, output to brain stem descending systems that regulate spinal lower motorneurons

35
Q

Vestibulochocerebellar: vestibular sensation (semi circle canals)

A

Intricate reflex

  • goes to cerebellum/cerebrum about position, then sends to LMN about position
  • sensory guiding motor function
36
Q

Spinocerebellar system: prorpioception with muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs

A

Sensory guiding motor function

Intricate reflex

37
Q

Cerebrocerebellar: motor cortex (precentral gyrus)

A

Optimizes UMN, optimizes coordination

38
Q

Vascular territory syndromes

A

Medial or lateral medulla
Medial or lateral pons
Various midbrain syndromes

39
Q

Arterial supply of medulla

A

Different arteries supply medial to lateral zones

40
Q

Difference between the spinal cord and the brainstem

A

Spinal cord is like a hotel, with even levels

Brainstem is like coal building with all different levels that each have their own function

Neuro Block 6 (8 decks)

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