Vessels of the abdomen Flashcards
Superior rectal vein to the middle and inferior rectal veins
Superior rectal vein - vein of th eportal system
Middle and inferior rectal veins - part of system cirulation
Right gastroomental artery and superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Common Bile Duct, Choledocholithiasis
Left colic artery
Caput Medusa, Paraumbilical Vein
Paraumbilical vein runs through the falciform ligament
Normal state - paraumbilical vein is obliterated
Esophageal Varices, Left Gastric Vein
Systemic vein - the azygous vein
Aorta, superior mesenteric artery, ileocolic artery, appendicular artery
Why is portal hypertension possible?
The portal system does not have venous valves that prevent back flow (most abdominal veins do not)
Blood is looking for the path of least resistance - if portal system is blocked, this increased pressure if also felt in systemic venous system (become distended because of valves)
The portal system - a second pass system that pulls blood (from GI tract) through the liver for filtration/detoxification
Where does the inferior epigastric arise and what are its branches?
The inferior epigastric artery arises from the external iliac artery, running superiorly to anastomose with the superior epigastric artery.
Branche just superior from it origin at the external iliac artery: the cremasteric a. (males) or a. of round ligament of the uterus (females)
Subcostal nerve
T12
Sensory function - T12 dermatome
Motor function - quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominus
Blood supply and innervation of EAO
Blood supply - Lower posterior intercostal aa. and subcostal A
Innervation - anterior rami of spinal nn. T7-T11 and the subcostal n
Blood supply and innervation of IAO
Blood supply - lower posterior intercostal aa., subcostal a., and superior/inferior epigastric aa.
Innervation - Anterior rami of spinal nn. T6-T12 (T12 being the subcostal n), and the first lumbar nn.
Blood supply and innervation of transversus abdominis
Blood supply - lower posterior intercostal aa., subcostal a., and superior/inferior epigastric aa.
Innervation - Anterior rami of spinal nn. T6-T12 (T12 being the subcostal n), and the first lumbar nn.
Same as IAO
Blood supply and innervation of rectus abdominis
Blood supply - superior and inferior epigastric aa.
Innervation - anterior rami of spinal nn T6-T12 (T12 being the subcostal n)
Divisions of the SMA
Inferior pancreatic duodenal a
Intestinal a
Ielocolic a
Right colic a
Middle colic a
What does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery arise from and what are its branches?
Arises from the SMA
Branches into the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticduodenal aa
Ileocolic artery
Intestinal arteries (jejunal and ileal arteries)
Right Colic Artery
Middle colic artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
Left colic artery
Sigmoidal arteries
Superior rectal artery
What connects the SMA with IMA?
anastomoses
More anastomoses
Veins that lead into IMV
Veins that lead into the SMV
Veins that lead into splenic vein
Veins that lead into hepatic portal vein
Where is the origin of the thoracic duct?
The cisterna chyli (LV1-LV2)
Veins forming the portal system
Branches and anastomoses of the superior mesenteric artery
Where does the pyloric sphincter receive its blood supply? Where does this artery originate (trace the path)
The pyloric sphincter receives its blood supply from the gastroduodenal artery
Celiac truck –> common hepatic artery –> gastroduodenal artery
Sympathetic innervation of the duodenum
Greater splanchnic nerve branches from celiac ganglia
Innervation of the pancreas
parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve which forms the celiac plexus, along with sympathetic nerves. Parasympathetic activation of the pancreas causes an increase in insulin secretion, decrease in glucagon secretion, and results in vasodilation.
This is the main pancreatic duct. It collects exocrine secretions that are secreted from the pancreas and used for food digestion. These are trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase. Note, hormones that are also secreted by the pancreas do not enter this duct, they are released into the bloodstream.
What areas does the splenic vein drain?
This is the splenic vein. It drains a number of structures in the abdomen, including the spleen, stomach (fundus and greater curvature), pancreas, and the distal GI tract.
Where does the cremasteric artery arise?
Off the inferior epigastric artery
Where does the cremasteric artery arise?
Off the inferior epigastric artery
