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M1 Gross Anatomy > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q
A

Smooth walled Sinus Venarum
From embryonic Rt Sinus Venosus

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2
Q
A

Fossa Ovalis
From embryonic Foramen Ovale
Shunt from Rt Atrium to Lt Atrium to bypass Lungs

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3
Q
A

Opening to the coronary sinus

Venous drainage of blood from Heart Wall

Valve directs blood right into the ventricle

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4
Q
A

Location of SA Node

Superior aspect of Crista Terminalis

Conduction System “Pace Maker”

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5
Q
A

Crista Terminalis
Separates Original Rt Atrium from smooth walled part

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6
Q

Why does an occlusion of the right side of the heart cause significant issues for the heart?

A

Both the SA and AV nodes are on the right side

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7
Q
A

Pectinate muscles

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8
Q
A

Tricuspid valve

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9
Q
A

Anterior Cusp of Tricuspid Valve

Posterior and Septal Cusps

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10
Q
A

Membranous part of IV Septum

IV Septal Defects here are bad

Lack of Neural Crest Cell migration

Heart Defects are most common abnormalities (1 in 100 births)

Defect in muscular portion typically fixes itself as the fetus grows

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11
Q
A

Chordae tendinae (superior) attached to the anterior papillary muscle

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12
Q
A

Moderator Band
Part of Conduction System

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13
Q
A

View of the left atrium and ventricle (sectioned with mitral valve cut away)

Fossa avoalis pictured in left atrium

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14
Q

Where do you listen to heart sounds?

A
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15
Q
A

Valves of the heart during systole

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16
Q
A

Valves of the heart during diastole

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17
Q
A

Right Coronary Artery From behind Right Cusp of Aortic Valve

Originates from aorta at flap of valsalva (does not full occlude when aortic valve is closed)

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18
Q
A

The SA nodal branch of the right atrial branch

Supplies the SA node (branch from right coronary artery also aupplies AV node)

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19
Q
A

Acute Marginal Branch
Small Cardiac Vein parallels it

Acute because of the angle of the artery

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20
Q
A

Right coronary artery

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21
Q
A

The posterior interventricular (descending) artery (portion of the right coronary artery)

Paralelled by middle cardiac vein

22
Q

What is the viewing angle?

A

From the sternocostal surface

23
Q
A

Left coronary artery

From behind Left Cusp of Aortic Valve

24
Q
A

Circumflex branch

25
Q
A

The circumflex branch typically gives of three obtuse marginal branches

26
Q
A

Anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

Really important, supplies 2/3 of the interventricular septum

27
Q
A

Great cardiac vein parallels the LAD

Leads into the coronary sinus - coronary sinus leads to right atrium

28
Q

In dextrocardia, where does the posterior descending interventricular artery arise?

A

Off of the circumflex artery

Not good, the LAD does 2/3 of the interventricular septum as well as the anterior wall

29
Q

What is indicated when the apex of the heart points more downward?

A

Hypertropy of the left ventricle (also with increased left heart border)

30
Q

Where is the thinnest wall of the heart located?

A

The apex of the heart

Loss of blood supply causes necrosis and rupture

30
Q

The red crescent indicates presence of heart tissue

What would this deviation from normal radiograph indicate?

A

Defective tricuspid valve, causing hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Also the apex of the heart points more superiorly in pulmonary stenosis (outflow tract of the right ventricle)

Right heart border increases

31
Q
A
32
Q

What artery accompanies the phrenic nerve?

A

One or two pericardicophrenic arteris ( a branch of the internal thoracic - attached to chest wall)

33
Q

The internal thoracic artery branches off of _____ ?

A

The proximal subclavian artery

34
Q

Trauma to the sternum can damage what portion of the heart?

A

The right ventricle (most anterior)

35
Q

Where is the left atrium located?

A

Posteriorly

36
Q

Mitral valve

A

Bicuspid (left atrioventricular valve)

37
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

Between the right atrium and ventricle (houses the right coronary artery)

38
Q
A

Ligamentum areteriosum

39
Q
A

Left atrium

40
Q
A

Transverse pericardial recess

41
Q
A

Moderator band

42
Q
A

Coronary sinus

43
Q

What areas of the heart does the LAD supply?

A

2/3 of the anterior interventricular septum
Anterior wall

44
Q

You notice your patient’s heart rate on the monitor increases when you enter the room – what fibers, immediately exiting the cardiac plexus, are responsible for signaling this increase?

A

Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers from upper thoracic levels

45
Q
A

SA Node

46
Q

S1

A

The first heart sound, closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.

47
Q

S2

A

Aortic valve closure, as well as the closure of the pulmonic valves, produces the second heart sound, S2

48
Q

Which closes first, aortic or pulmonic valve?

A

The aortic valve closes first during a normal heart beat.

During inspiration, the right heart filling time is increased, which increases right
ventricular stroke volume and the duration of right ventricular ejection compared with the neighboring LV. This delays the closure of the pulmonic valve, P2, splitting S2 into its two audible components. During expiration, the right ventricular ejection period is faster, and A2 and P2 fuse into a single sound, S2.

.

Note that because the walls of veins contain less smooth muscle, the venous system has more capacitance than the arterial system and lower systemic pressure. Distensibility and impedance in the pulmonary vascular bed contribute to the “hangout time” that delays P2

49
Q

Precordial areas of cardiac auscultation

A

Right second intercostal space or cardiac apex - Aortic valve

Left second and third intercostal spaces close to the sternum, but also at higher or lower levels - Pulmonic valve

At or near the lower left sternal border - Tricuspid valve

At and around the cardiac apex - Mitral valve

M1 Gross Anatomy (16 decks)

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