Vessels & Nerves of the Pelvic Limb and The Head Flashcards by Fiorella Medina-Scarone

Which Ateries supply the Biceps Femoris muscles?

Caudal gluteal
Distal caudal femoral

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Which Ateries supply the Semitendinosus + Semimembranosus muscles?

Caudal gluteal
Proximal; middle; distal caudal femoral

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Which Ateries supply the Sartorius muscles?

Iliolumbar
Superficial circumflex iliac

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Which Ateries supply the Gracilis muscles?

Deep femoral
Proximal; middle; distal caudal femoral

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Which Ateries supply the Pectineus + Adductor muscles?

Deep femoral
Proximal caudal femoral

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Which Ateries supply the Tensor fasciae latae
muscles?

Lateral circumflex femoral

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Which Ateries supply the the Superficial + Middle gluteals muscles?

Cranial & caudal gluteal
Lateral circumflex femoral

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Which Ateries supply the Deep gluteal muscles?

Cranial & caudal gluteal

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Which Ateries supply the Gemelli + Quadratus femoris muscles?

Caudal gluteal

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Which Ateries supply the External/Internal obturator muscles?

Caudal gluteal
Medial circumflex femoral

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Which Ateries supply the Quadriceps femoris (all vasti) muscles?

Lateral circumflex femoral
Superficial circumflex iliac

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Which Ateries supply the Iliopsoas muscles?

Iliolumbar

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Which Ateries supply the Cranial tibial + long digital extensor + Fibularis longus muscles?

Cranial tibial

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Which Ateries supply the Gastrocnemius + Superficial digital flexor + Deep digital flexor muscles?

Distal caudal femoral Popliteal

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Which Ateries supply the Popliteus muscles?

Popliteal

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Passageway allowing the external Iliac aa to leave the abdominal cavity in order to enter the thigh – at this point they occupy the space of the femoral triangle and become
the femoral aa

Vascular lacuna

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The External iliac a. gives rise to:

Deep femoral
Femoral

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Deep femoral a. gives rise to:

Pudendoepigastric trunk
Medial circumflex femoral

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Pudendoepigastric trunk gives rise to:

Caudal epigastric
Ext. pudendal

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Ext. pudendal a. gives rise to:

Caudal superficial epigastric

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Femoral a. gives rise to:

Superficial circumflex Iliac
Lateral circumflex femoral
Proximal caudal femoral
Saphenous
Descending genicular
Middle caudal femoral
Distal caudal femoral
Popliteal

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Popliteal a. gives rise to:

Cranial tibial

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The Cranial tibial a. is located:

Between cranial tibial and long digital extensor muscles

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Venipuncture site of the Pelvic limb

Saphenous vein

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Nerves of the pelvic limb

Obturator n. Femoral n. Saphenous n. Pudendal n Caudal rectal n. Perineal n. Dorsal n. Caudal cutaneous Femoral n. Caudal gluteal n. Cranial gluteal n. Sciatic n. Common fibular n. Tibial n. Superficial fibular n. Deep fibular n. Genitofemoral n.

Consists of the ventral branches of the lumbar and sacral spinal n.

Lumbosacral plexus

Nerve rising from the Lumbosacral plexus (4):

Obturator Femoral Pudendal Caudal cutaneous femoral

The obturator nerve arsise from:

L4-5-6

The femoral nerve arises from _____ and emerges from the ______ muscle.

L4-5-6 Iliopsoas m.

The femoral nerve gives rise to the:

Saphenous n.

Superficial branch of the femoral nerve, supplying cutaneous innervation to the medial side of the limb and motor innervation to Sartorius muscle.

Saphenous n.

The pudendal nerve arises from:

S1-2-3

The pudendal nerve gives rise to:

Caudal rectal Perineal Dorsal (of penis or clitoris)

Carries somatic motor fibers from anal & urethral voluntary sphincters and sensory fibers from anus, clitoris/penis.

Pudendal nerve

Arises from sacral plexus; sensory to caudal thigh

Caudal cutaneous femoral n.

Union of ventral branches L6 – L7 – S1- S2

Lumbosacral Trunk

The Lumbosacral Trunk gives rise to:

Caudal gluteal nerve Cranial gluteal nerve Sciatic nerve

Caudal gluteal n. arises from

L7 and S1-2

Cranial gluteal n. arises from

L6-7 and S1

Sciatic n. arises from

L6-7 and S1-2

Sciatic nerve gives rise to

Common fibular (L6-L7) Tibial (L7-S1)

The common fibular n. gives rise to

Superficial fibular Deep fibular

Genitofemoral nerve Arises from

Ventral branches of L3- L4 spinal nerves

Nerve which is found medial to spermatic cord as it passes through the inguinal canal

Genitofemoral n.

What does the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?

Cremaster muscle Skin covering the Inguinal region Skin on medial thigh Prepuce.

Which muscles does the Femoral nerve innervate?

Iliopsoas Quadriceps Femoris

Which muscles does the Saphenous nerve innervate?

Sartorius (Cranial and Caudal parts)

Which muscles does the Obturator nerve innervate?

External obturator Adductor longus Pectineus Adductor magnus-et-brevis Gracilis

Which muscles does the Cranial gluteal nerve innervate?

Middle gluteal Deep gluteal Tensor fasciae latae

Which muscles does the Caudal gluteal nerve innervate?

Superficial gluteal

Which muscles does the Sciatic nerve innervate?

Gemelli Interior obturator Quadratus femoris Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus

Which muscles does the Tibial nerve innervate?

Grastrocenmius Superficial digital flexor Popliteus Deep digital flexors Plantar

Which muscles does the Superficial fibular nerve innervate?

Lateral digital extensor Fibularis brevis

Which muscles does the Common fibular nerve innervate?

Fibularis longus

Which muscles does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

Cranial tibial Long digital extensor External digiti longus External digitorum brevis

The braincase in the dorsal and lateral surface of the skullm contains:

Paired frontal and parietal bones External occipital protuberance Nuchal crest Temporal fossa

The external occipital protuberance is the joining of which parts?

Sagittal crest & Temporal lines

The nuchal crest is the transition between:

Dorsal & caudal surface of skull

The temporal fossa is medially caudally and ventrally bounded by which bones?

Medially: by saggital crest Caudally : by nuchal crest Ventrally: by zygomatic process/temporal bone

The facial bones consist of:

Frontal Nasal Maxilla Incisive Orbit Orbital margin Zygomatic arch Pterygopalatine fossa Fossa for lacrimal sac Infraorbital foramen

Arch which forms the cheek bone and origin of masseter m.

Zygomatic arch

Cavity in which the eye is located

Orbit

What are the 3 caudal openings of the Orbit

Optic canal Orbital fissure Rostral alar foramen

The optic canal is an opening for the:

Optic n.

The orbital fissure is an opening for the:

Oculomotor n. Trochlear n. Abducent n. Ophtalmic n.

The rostral alar foramen is an opening for the:

Maxillary a. and n.

The incsive contains how many incisor teeth?

Formed by frontal, lacrimal & zygomatic bones

Orbital margin

Formed by maxilla, zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone

Zygomatic arch

Is ventral to the orbit Pterygoid m. arises from this fossa Contains caudal palatine foramen, sphenopalatine foramen and maxillary foramen

Pterygopalatine fossa

Nasolacrimal canal for the nasolacrimal duct

Fossa for lacrimal sac

Rostral opening of infraorbital canal and passageway for infraorbital a. v. n

infraorbital foramen

Consists of basioccipital b., tympanic b., petrosal part of temporal bone, basiphenoid b., presphenoid bone

Braincase of the ventral surface of the skull

Exit of mandibular n.

Oval foramen

Passage for glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory nerves, int. carotid a., int. jugular v., postganglionic axons from cranial cervical ganglion

Tympano-occipital fissure

Temporomandibular joint; zygomatic process of temporal bone articulating with condyles of mandible

Mandibular fossa

Occipital bones

Occipital condyles Nuchal crest External occipital protuberance Foramen magnum Mastoid foramen

Area where the dorsal portion of the parietal bone meets with the caudal portion of the occipital bone

Nuchal crest

Passageway of spinal cord which continue as the brainstem

Foramen magnum

Passage for meningeal a. and v.

Mastoid foramen

The mandible is made up of:

Lower and upper jaw Masseteric fossa Coronoid process Mandibular foramen Condylar process Mandibular notch Angular process

Articulates with the mandibular fossa of the zygomatic process of temporal bone.

Lower Jaw

Lower and upper jaw join at the _________ and are each divided into _______________

Symphisis Body and Ramus

Insertion of masseter m.

Masseteric fossa

Dorsal half of ramus and medial side has a depression for insertion of temporal m.

Coronoid process

Caudal opening of mandibular canal (ramus & body), which transmits inferior alveoli a. v. n. and opens up at the 3 mental foramina (supply sensory innervation to lower lip and chin)

Mandibular foramen

Helps to form the temporomandibular joint

Condylar process

U-shaped depression between condylar process & coronoid process

Mandibular notch

Hooked eminence ventral to condylar process, attachment of pterygoid m. medially and masseter laterally

Angular process

What are the four types of teeth?

Incisors Canine Premolar Molar

Upper Incisors are imbeded in:

Incisive bone

Upper Canines/ Premolars/ Molars are imbeded in:

Maxilla bone

Lower teeth are imbeded in:

Mandible

What is the dog teeth formula?

When do the Deciduous teeth appear?

3-6 weeks

When do permanent teeth appear?

4-6 months

What is the pig teeth formula?

What is the Horse teeth formula?

What is the Ox teeth formula?

Contains the brain and its coverings and blood vessels

Cranial Cavity

Roof of the braincase formed by the parietal and frontal bones.

The Calvaria

Composed of 2 symmetrical halves separated by a median nasal septum

Nasal aperture

Caudal end of nasal septum where the 2 nasal cavities open into the nasopharynx

Choanae

Project into each half of the nasal cavity and, with their mucosa, act as baffles to warm and cleanse inspired air. They also contain olfactory neurons coursing to the olfactory bulbs.

Conchae

The two parts of the conchae

Dorsal concha Ventral concha

Conchae is divided into 4 primary passages known as meatuses; what are their names?

Dorsal nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Ventral nasal meatus Common nasal meatus

By which nerve are all muscles of the face innervated (except for the levator palpebrae superioris m.)?

Facial n.

The muscles of the face function to:

Close or move the lips, eyelids, nose and ears.

Muscles of the face

Platysma m. Orbicularis oris m. Buccinator m. Levator nasolabialis m. Orbicularis oculi m. Retractor anguli oculi Lateralis m. Levator palpebrae superioris m.

The levator palpebrae superioris m. is innervated by:

Oculomotor n.

Action of platysma:

Draw the commissure of the lips caudally

Action of orbicularis oris:

Shape and control the size of the mouth opening

Action of buccinator m.:

Returns food from vestibule to occlusal surface of teeth

Action of levator nasolabialis m.:

Dilates the nostrils and raises the upper lip

Action of orbicularis oculi m.:

Close eyelids

Action of Retractor anguli oculi lateralis m.:

Close palpebral fissure

Action of levator palpebrae superioris m.:

Elevates the upper lid

What is the following all part of : Both upper and lower border the palpebral fissure, join at the end of fissure to form medial & lateral palpebral commisure. Each commisure is attached by ligaments: med. & lat. palpebral ligaments Only upper eyelid bears cilia Inner eyelid surface covered by a mucous membrane; palpebral conjunctiva

Palpebrae

From dorsal median raphe of the neck to the angle of mouth radiating into orbicularis oris

Platysma

Near the free borders of lips, goes around the angle of the mouth

Orbicularis Oris

Thin, wide m. , foundation of cheek, adjacent to buccal mucosa and deep to orbicularis oris.

Buccinator m.

Flat muscle, arises from maxillary bone and attaches to the edge of upper lip on external naris.

Levator nasolabialis m.

Gland ventral to zygomatic process of frontal bone, secretes into conjunctival sac.

Lacrimal Gland

Concave fold of palpebral conjunctiva and cartilage that moves horizontally across the eyeball. It lubricates the cornea.

Plica semilunaris (3rd eyelid) or nictitating membrane

Attached to medial palpebral ligament

Orbicularis oculi m.

Cavity lying outside the teeth and gums and inside the lip and cheeks

Vestibule

Opens through the cheek on a small papilla located opposite the caudal end of the upper shearing tooth

Parotid duct

Open into vestibule lateral to last upper molar tooth

Ducts of zygomatic gland

Bounded dorsally by hard palate & part of soft palate, laterally & rostrally by dental arches and ventrally by tongue

Oral Cavity Proper

Five (5) types of papillae

Filiform Conical Fungiform Foliate Vallate

Function of filiform papillae:

Nongustatory

Function of Conical papillae:

Mechanical & tactile

Three types of taste buds and detected tastes:

Fungiform→salt Foliate→bitter Vallate→sweet

Tongue attaches to floor of oral cavity by a ventral median fold of mucosa which goes by what name?

Lingual frenulum

Serves as an elastic limb and/or skeleton of the free portion of the tongue and its J-shaped structures can possibly be straightened by the contraction of intrinsic lingual muscles.

Lyssa

Four salivary ducts

Mandibular duct Major sublingual duct Parotid duct Zygomatic duct

Four salivary glands and their excretion:

Mandibular: Mixture of serous , mucous Sublingual: Mainly mucous Parotid: Mainly serous fluid; produces 50% total volume Zygomatic: Mainly mucous fluid

Parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands is carried via:

Cranial nerves (facial & glossopharyngeal nerve)

Sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands takes place via:

Preganglionic nerves in the thoracic segments T1-T3 which synapse in the cranial cervical ganglion

Crossed by 8 transverse ridges Incisive papilla; caudal to central incisor tooth, is the opening to incisive duct. Vomeronasal organ: tubular structure (~ 2cm) found at the base of nasal septum, dorsal to hard palate and is an olfactory receptor of sexual stimuli (pheromones)

Hard palate

Soft tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth, responsible for closing off the nasal passages during the act of swallowing.

Soft palate

Name part 1