Lungs & Great Vessels of the Heart

Question 1

An accessory muscle of respiration. It depresses the ribs which supports expiration. This muscle will need to be transected to open the thoracic cavity.

Answer 1

Transversus thoracis muscle

Question 2

Muscle which extends from the costochondral junctions to the sternum

Answer 2

Transversus thoracis muscle

Question 3

2 serous membranes covering the lungs and lining the walls of the thorax

Answer 3

Pleurae

Question 4

Outer membrane attached to the thoracic wall and Diaphragm

Answer 4

Parietal/Costal Pleurae

Question 5

Inner membrane connected to the surface of the lungs

Answer 5

Visceral Pleurae

Question 6

Space between visceral and costal pleura.

Answer 6

Pleural cavity (intrapleural space)

Question 7

The Pleural Cavity is filled with ____________, which allows the pleurae to ____________ ______________________________________________

Answer 7

Pleural fluid

Slide effortlessly against each other during ventilation.

Question 8

Why are the left and right pleural sacs separate?

Answer 8

So that in the event of one being punctured
(pneumothorax), the other lung can continue to function effectively.

Question 9

The central compartment of
the thoracic cavity.

Answer 9

The mediastinum

Question 10

Contents of the mediastinum

Answer 10

The heart
The great vessels of the heart
Esophagus
Trachea
Thymus
Vagus nerves
Lymph nodes of the
central chest

Question 11

Membrane covering the heart from outermost to innermost

Answer 11

1. Fibrous Pericardium
2. Parietal Pericardium
3. Pericardial Cavity
4. Visceral Pericardium

Question 12

Connects from heart to diaphragm

Answer 12

Phrenicopericardial Ligament

Question 13

Lobes of the Lungs

Answer 13

Left:
* cranial lobe; cranial & caudal parts
* caudal lobe
Right:
* cranial
* middle
* caudal
* accessory

Question 14

Name of part A

Answer 14

Left lung

Question 15

Name of part B

Answer 15

Right lung

Question 16

Name of part a

Answer 16

Cranial Lobe

Question 17

Name of part b

Answer 17

Caudal Lobe

Question 18

Name of part 1

Answer 18

Cranial part

Question 19

Name of part 2

Answer 19

Caudal part

Question 20

Name of part 4

Answer 20

Cranial Lobe

Question 21

Name of part 5

Answer 21

Middle Lobe

Question 22

Name of part 6

Answer 22

Accessory Lobe

Question 23

Name of part 7

Answer 23

Caudal Lobe

Question 24

RV location for cardiac puncture. Needle directed into the heart without piercing lung tissue.

Answer 24

Cardiac notch
Between 4th and 5th rib space.
Right side since there is a “cardiac notch” between the right cranial and caudal lung lobes where the risk of lung puncture is
diminished.

Question 25

Arteries Cranial from the heart

Answer 25

Aorta→ Ascending aortic arch → Left: Left Subclavian Artery → VeCISA Right: Brachiocephalic Trunk → Right Subclavian Artery → VeCISA → Right and left Common Carotid

Question 26

What does VeCISA stand for?

Answer 26

Vertebral Costocervical Internal Thoracic Superficial Cervical Axillary

Question 27

Where is the aortic impression located?

Answer 27

Left Lung

Question 28

Where is the Vena Cava and Esophagus impression located?

Answer 28

Accessory Lobe of Right Lung

Question 29

Last vein entering the cranial vena cava, only develops on the right side and collects all of the dorsal intercostal veins

Answer 29

Azygos vein

Question 30

Veins entering the cranial Vena Cava

Answer 30

External jugular and Subclavian → Brachiocephalic → Cranial vena cava

Question 31

Lymph drainage from viscera, pelvic limbs, left thoracic limb and left tracheal trunk (left head/neck) Drains into left brachiocephalic v.

Answer 31

Thoracic Duct Drains into left brachiocephalic v.

Question 32

Lymph drainage from right thoracic limb and tracheal trunk (right head/neck) Drains into right brachiocephalic v.

Answer 32

Right Lymphatic Duct Drains into right brachiocephalic v.

Question 33

Venipuncture site in dogs (Commonly used for blood draws)

Answer 33

Cephalic Vein (Gives off axillobrachial and omobrachial veins)

Question 34

Function of the Lymphatic System

Answer 34

Responsible for keeping interstitial tissue throughout the body free of toxins, cellular waste, bacteria, infections, etc... Often the immune system becomes compromised if the Lymphatic System is not cleaning and clearing itself properly.

Question 35

Function of the Thoracic Duct

Answer 35

Lymphatic drainage: the chief channel for return of lymph in the body.

Question 36

Drains right thoracic limb, right side of neck and head into right brachiocephalic vein

Answer 36

Right Lymphatic duct

Question 37

Drains the rest of the body into left brachiocephalic vein

Answer 37

Thoracic duct

Question 38

The descending Aorta gives rise to?

Answer 38

The intercostal arteries

Question 39

Name of vessel 1

Answer 39

Internal thoracic a.

Question 40

Name of vessel 2

Answer 40

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Question 41

Name of vessel 3

Answer 41

Right Subclavian a.

Question 42

Name of vessel 4

Answer 42

Right Common Carotid a.

Question 43

Name of vessel 5

Answer 43

Left Commom Carotid a.

Question 44

Name of vessel 6

Answer 44

Phrenic Nerve

Question 45

Name of vessel 7

Answer 45

Left Subclavian a.

Question 46

Name of vessel 8

Answer 46

Vagus Nerve

Question 47

Name of Artery a

Answer 47

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 48

Name of Artery b

Answer 48

Right Common Carotid

Question 49

Name of Artery c

Answer 49

Left Common Carotid

Question 50

Name of Artery d

Answer 50

Right Subclavian a.

Question 51

Name of Artery e

Answer 51

Vertebral a.

Question 52

Name of Artery f

Answer 52

Costocervical a.

Question 53

Name of Artery g

Answer 53

Internal Thoracic a.

Question 54

Name of Artery h

Answer 54

Axillary a.

Question 55

Name of Artery i

Answer 55

Superficial Cervical a.