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Comparative Anatomy (ANSC 251) > The Abdomen, Pelvis and Pelvic limb AND Vessels & Nerves of the Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

The Abdomen, Pelvis and Pelvic limb AND Vessels & Nerves of the Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

Quiz 5

1
Q

The abdominal muscles (wall) receives vascular supply from

A

1- cranial abdominal a.
2- cranial epigastric a.
3- caudal epigastric a.
4- deep circumflex iliac aa.

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2
Q

The ventral and lateral abdominal wall receives nervous supply from:

A

Cranial iliohypogastric n. (L1)
Caudal iliohypogastric n. (L2)
Ilioinguinal n. (L3)
Lateral cutaneous femoral n. (L4)

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3
Q

Pertaining to Ilium

A

Ilio

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4
Q

Pertaining to ventral part of abdomen

A

Hypo

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5
Q

Pertaining to
Stomach

A

Gastric

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6
Q

Start of the Deep vessels (arteries) of the abdominal wall

A

Abdominal Aorta

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7
Q

The Abdominal Aorta gives rise to

A

External Iliac a.

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8
Q

The External Iliac a. gives rise to

A

Femoral a.
Deep femoral a.

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9
Q

The Deep femoral a. gives rise to

A

pudendoepigastric trunk

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10
Q

The Pudendoepigastric trunk gives rise to

A

Caudal epigastric a.
Ext pudendal a.

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11
Q

The Ext pudendal a. gives rise to

A

Caudal superficial
epigastric a. (cse)

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12
Q

What does the Caudal superficial epigastric a. (cse) supply to

A

Supplies cranial and caudal abdominal +
inguinal mammae and prepuce in male A small dorsal branch of the c.s.e.
Male: supply scrotum
Female: supply labia

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13
Q

External pudendal a. Origin

A

Originates from pudendoepigastric trunk

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14
Q

External pudendal a. gives rise to

A

Caudal superficial epigastric a.

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15
Q

External pudendal a. Emerges from

A

Superficial Inguinal ring

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16
Q

External pudendal a. supplies to

A

Gracilis muscle

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17
Q

The double peritoneal fold which encloses the spermatic cord and the testis; made up of a visceral layer which is adherent to the testis and cord, and a parietal layer
which lines the scrotum and the inguinal canal.

A

Vaginal Tunic

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18
Q

The diverticulum which encloses the round ligament of the uterus; found in free edge of the “perpendicular” sheet of the broad ligament;
passes from caudal pole of the ovary to (and usually through) the inguinal canal.

A

Vaginal process

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19
Q

Structures passing through the Male inguinal canal.

A

External pudendal artery and vein
Genitofemoral nerve
Cremaster muscle
Spermatic cord

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20
Q

Where does the Genitofemoral nerve in the male arise from?

A

Arises from ventral branch of L3 and L4

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21
Q

What does the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

Innervates Cremaster muscle and a part of the prepuce

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22
Q

Where does the cremaster arise from?

A

Arises from the internal abdominal oblique m. and attaches to parietal vaginal tunic near the testis.

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23
Q

What is the action/ function of the cremaster muscle?

A

Raise and lower the scrotum in order to regulate the temperature of the testis and promote
spermatogenesis.

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24
Q

What does the spemaritc chord contain?

A

Vas deferens
Testicular a.
Testicular vein (pampiniform plexus)
Testicular lymph vessels
Testicular nerve plexus (L3 – L5 )-ANS

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25
Q

How is the spermatic chord carried through the inguinal canal?

A

Carried through the inguinal canal by the descent
of the testis

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26
Q

Structures passing through the Female inguinal canal.

A

External pudendal artery and vein
Genitofemoral nerve
Vaginal process

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27
Q

What does the genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

Pubic area

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28
Q

What does the vaginal process contain?

A

Peritoneal diverticulum
accompanied by round
ligament of uterus.

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29
Q

Fold of peritoneum that passes from the umbilicus to the diaphragm and also attaches
to the liver

A

Falciform ligament

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30
Q

Found in the free margin of falciform ligament

A

Round ligament of the liver

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31
Q

Fetal remnant of the umbilical vein

A

Round ligament of the liver

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32
Q

What does the median ligament in the fetus contain?

A

The urachus* (stalk of the embryonic allantois)
The umbilical artery as it is continuous from the lateral ligaments (round lig. of bladder).

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33
Q

Located caudal to the umbilicus, attaches to bladder

A

Median ligament of the bladder

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34
Q

Fetal remnant of the Allantois (an embryonic membrane); a canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus
that runs within the umbilical cord.

A

Urachus

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35
Q

Branches of Internal Iliac arteries

A

Umbilical arteries

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36
Q

The remnants of the umbilical arteries in the lateral ligaments of the bladder.

A

Round ligament of bladder

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37
Q

An internal organ of the abdomen.

A

Viscus (plural: viscera)

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38
Q

Name of the space between the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum

A

Omental bursa

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39
Q

Doubled-layered sac that attaches to the greater curvature of stomach. Lacelike with fat deposition along vessels and covers to the jejunum and ileum

A

Greater Omentum

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40
Q

Name of the two leaves of the Greater omentum and what they contain

A

Superficial leaf ( ventral body wall) contains spleen
Deep leaf (abdominal organs) contains the left lobe of the pancreas

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41
Q

Section of greater
omentum that attaches spleen to stomach

A

Gastroplenic ligament

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42
Q

Lies on the floor of pelvic inlet (area between abdomen and pelvis)

A

Urinary when contracted (empty)

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43
Q

Lies on the floor of abdomen and adapts in shape by displacing movable viscera (can reach transverse plane to umbilicus

A

Urinary when distended (full)

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44
Q

Small and consist of short cervix, body,
two long horns.
When gravid, lies on the floor of abdomen, horns gravitate cranially and ventrally to lie medial to costal
arch

A

Uterus

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45
Q

Located in the superficial leaf (omentum) along greater curvature of stomach. Caudally, it can reach a transverse plane to midlumbar region

A

Spleen

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46
Q

Closely associated with the circulatory
system, where it functions in the
destruction of old red blood cells
Provides lymphocytes/ antibodies to immune system, hence its absence may lead to a predisposition to certain infections

A

Spleen

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47
Q

If anesthetized with a barbiturate, it
may be abnormally enlarged. Barbiturates relax smooth muscle tone, allowing for pooling of blood in splenic sinusoids

A

Spleen

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48
Q

Muscular partition between thoracic and
abdominal cavities
Muscle of inspiration

Contains:
Tendinous center: v-shaped and non-muscular
Muscular periphery (lumbar, costal, sternal)

A

Diaphragm

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49
Q

Cranial part of diaphragm that bulges into thorax

A

Cupula

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50
Q

Passageway for aorta,
azygos vein, thoracic duct

A

Aortic hiatus

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51
Q

Passageway for
esophagus, vagal nerve trunk, esophageal
vessels

A

Esophageal hiatus

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52
Q

Passageway for caudal
vena cava

A

Caval foramen

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53
Q

Diaphragm arterial supply

A

The phrenic a. (from
(phrenicoabdominal a.) between cranial mesenteric a. and renal a.

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54
Q

Secretes bile salts which emulsify ingested fat; bile is stored in the gallbladder

A

Liver

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55
Q

The six lobes of the Liver

A

Right medial lobe
Right lateral lobe
Quadrate lobe
Left medial lobe
Left lateral lobe
Caudate lobe

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56
Q

Which lobe contains
the fossa for the gallbladder?

A

Right Medial Lobe

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57
Q

Why is the Left lateral lobe concave?

A

Gastric Impression

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58
Q

Caudate process

A

Renal Impression of the caudate lobe of the liver

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59
Q

Papillary process

A

(Caudaute lobe)
Lies in lesser curvature of stomach

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60
Q

Located in a fossa between the quadrate and right medial lobe of the liver

A

Gallbladder

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61
Q

The neck area of the gallbladder continues as

A

Cystic Duct

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62
Q

Union of hepatic and cystic ducts form the

A

Bile duct

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63
Q

The bile duct courses through the wall of descending duodenum and terminates at the

A

Major duodenal Papilla

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64
Q

Secretes proteolytic/ digestive enzymes and insulin (hormone that controls blood sugar levels)

Located in greater omentum

A

Pancreas

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65
Q

Three parts of the pancreas

A

Right/left lobe and body

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66
Q

Empties with bile duct into duodenum at the
major duodenal papilla

A

Pancreatic duct (smaller)

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67
Q

Empties into duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla

A

Accessory pancreatic duct (larger)

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68
Q

The dog’s stomach is

A

Monogastric
Examples of monogastric species:
dog, rabbit, pig, horse, human

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69
Q

Situated near esophagus,
prevents backflow

A

Cardiac part (Stomach)

70
Q

Dome shaped; lies left and dorsal to cardia

A

Fundus (Stomach)

71
Q

Largest middle portion of Stomach

A

Body

72
Q

Narrowing portion of
stomach into pyloric cana

A

Pyloric antrum

73
Q

Junction of pyloric canal with duodenum

A

Pylorus (Stomach)

74
Q

The horse’s hindgut fermenter; fermentation
system analagous to the rumen

A

The cecum (large intestine)

75
Q

What nutrients flow into the horse’s large intestine where it is subjected to
fermentation?

A

Structural carbohydrates like cellulose and
hemicellulose, along with starch and other
soluble carbohydrates that escape digestion in the small intestine

76
Q

What is the major difference between the digestive strategy of horses and ruminants?

A

The large quantity of microbial protein generated in the equine large gut is wasted because there is no opportunity there for significant absorption of amino acids.

77
Q

A ruminant’s stomach is

A

Polygastric

Examples of ruminants: cow, sheep, goat, bison,
deer, giraffes

78
Q

Ruminant digestion pathway

A

Feed→Eosophagus→ Rumen (papillae)→ Reticulum (honeycomb)
(magnet- hardware disease)→ Omasum (leaflets)→ Abomasum (true stomach)→ Small intestine

79
Q

The Small Intestine contains:

A

Duodenum
Jejulum
Ileum

80
Q

Most fixed part of small intestine, starts at the pylorus, suspended by the mesoduodenum (part of peritoneum) and breakdown of food.

A

Duodenum

81
Q

What is the arterial supply of the duodenum?

A

cranial pancreaticoduodenal a. which arises from the celiac a.

82
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the duodenum

A

Splanchnic fibers from the cranial mesenteric ganglion (major splanchnic nerve )

83
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the duodenum

A

Vagus (X) nerve

84
Q

Forms the coils of small intestine and absorbs nutrients

A

Jejunum

85
Q

What is the arterial supply of the jejunum?

A

Branches of cranial mesenteric a.

86
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the jejunum

A

Vagus (X) nerve.

87
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the jejunum

A

Splanchnic fibers from the cranial mesenteric ganglion (minor splanchnic nerve

88
Q

Terminal portion of small intestine, Connects with ascending colon at the ileocolic orifice, Absorption of products of digestion
and Final stage of enzyme and carbohydrate digestion

A

Ileum

89
Q

What is the arterial supply of the Ileum?

A

Branches of cranial mesenteric a.

90
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the Ileum

A

Vagus (X) nerve.

91
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the Ileum

A

Splanchnic fibers from the cranial mesenteric ganglion (minor splanchnic nerve)

92
Q

The Large intestines contain:

A

Cecum
Colon

93
Q

S-shaped blind tube located at the junction of the ileum and colon. Communicates with the ascending colon at the cecocolic orifice. In carnivores, it is small and its function is unclear. In herbivores (horse) it is large due to the large number of bacteria which aid in the
enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose.

A

Cecum

94
Q

What is the Arterial supply of the cecum?

A

Branches of cranial mesenteric a.

95
Q

Sympathetic innervation of cecum

A

Splanchnic fibers from the cranial mesenteric ganglion (minor splanchnic nerve)

96
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of cecum

A

Vagus (X) nerve.

97
Q

Water absorption and the descending part is continuous with the rectum.

A

Colon

98
Q

What is the arterial supply of the ascending and transverse colon?

A

Branches of the cranial mesenteric a.

99
Q

What is the arterial supply of the descending colon?

A

Caudal mesenteric a.

100
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the ascending colon

A

Vagus nerve fibers

101
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the transverse colon

A

Vagus nerve fibers

102
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the descending colon

A

Pelvic nerve

103
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the ascending colon

A

Splanchnic fibers from the cranial mesenteric ganglion

104
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the transverse colon

A

Splanchnic fibers from the cranial & caudal
mesenteric ganglion

105
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the descending colon

A

Lumbar part of sympathetic trunk, hypogastric n.

106
Q

Located near the caudal pole of kidneys
Enclosed in a thin-walled peritoneal sac called the ovarian bursa

A

Ovaries

107
Q

Fimbriated structure that catches the ova after ovulation
Leads into uterine tube

A

Infundibulum

108
Q

Small tube leaving the bursa leading to the
uterine horn

A

Uterine tube

109
Q

Junction of uterine tube into uterine horn

A

Tubouterine junction

110
Q

Holds the ovary in a fixed position, attached to the body wall

A

Suspensory ligament of ovary

111
Q

Short, attaches the ovary to cranial end of uterine horn

A

Proper ligament of ovary

112
Q

Broad ligaments of uterus (3)

A

Mesometrium
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx

113
Q

Which peritoneal layers form the wall of the ovarian bursa (broad ligaments of uterus)?

A

Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx

114
Q

Extends from the abdominal wall to the ovaries, horns and uterine body. It supports the reproductive tract in place.

A

Mesometrium

115
Q

Continuation of mesometrium. Attaches the ovary to lateral sublumbar region.

A

Mesovarium

116
Q

Peritoneum that attaches the uterine tube to the mesovarium

A

Mesosalpinx

117
Q

Peritoneal recess (sinus – cleft)
created by the mesosalpinx, mesovarium, and
ovary itself.

A

Ovariam bursa

118
Q

Homologue of the embryonic gubernaculum (aids in the descent of gonads). Has no function in the adult.

A

Round ligament of the uterus

119
Q

The uterus receives vascular supply from

A

Anastomosing
ovarian and uterine arteries.

120
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the uterus is paired through

A

Left and right hypogastric nerves

121
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the uterus is paired through

A

Pelvic nerves

122
Q

A bacterial uterine infection that causes inflammation of the uterus. This condition is often associated with the retained placenta or fetuses, after the delivery of a large litter of puppies. The open cervix facilitates easy entry of the bacteria in the uterus of the dogs.The retention of placenta, fetuses and other tissues in the uterus provides a growth medium to the bacteria. The bacteria
causing these infections are coliform bacteria like Escheria coli. They spread quickly into the blood and can cause serious dog health hazards.

A

Metritis in dogs

123
Q

An infection in the
uterus mainly affecting middle-aged female dogs that have not been spayed. A hormonal abnormality in which an overquantity of progesterone or
oversensitiveness of the uterus to progesterone causes it and cysts to form
in the lining of the uterus. It follows a heat cycle in which fertilization did not
occur. Typically, within two to four months after the cycle, the female starts showing
signs of the disease.

A

Pyometra in dogs

124
Q

Carries both sensory and motor fibers from and to viscera.
At the root of the lungs, R & L divides into dorsal and ventral branches.

A

Vagus nerve (Cranial 10)

125
Q

Abdominal aortic plexuses

A

Celiac
Cranial mesenteric
Caudal mesenteric Adrenal
Aorticorenal

126
Q

The abdominal aortic plexuses are named according

A

To the branch of the aorta they are
associated with

127
Q

Parasympathetic axons

A

follow respective arteries

128
Q

Branch meeting near the diaphragm

A

Dorsal branch

129
Q

Dorsal/ventral bramch forms the

A

Dorsal/ventral vagal trunk

130
Q

Located on dorsal
surface of terminal part of esophagus

A

Dorsal vagal trunk

131
Q

Gives off the celiac
branch → contributing to celiac and cranial mesenteric plexuses.

A

Dorsal vagal trunk

132
Q

Branch meeting caudal to root of lung

A

Ventral Branch

133
Q

Located on
ventral surface of terminal part of esophagus.

A

Ventral vagal trunk

134
Q

Supplies the liver,
stomach and pylorus

A

Ventral vagal trunk

135
Q

Pass through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm and course along the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

Ventral and dorsal vagal trunk

136
Q

Paired nerves that innervate the viscera, carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system as well as sensory fibers from the organs (which are also known as visceral afferent fibers). All carry sympathetic fibers except for the
pelvic ones, which carry parasympathetic fibers.

A

Splanchnic nerves

137
Q

Groups of splanchnic nerves (ganglions, trunks, plexuses)

A

→ Sympathetic trunk &
splanchnic n.
- major splanchnic n.
- minor splanchnic n.
- lumbar splanchnic n.
→ Celiacomesenteric
ganglion & plexuses
- celiac ganglion
- cranial mesenteric
ganglion
→ Caudal mesenteric
ganglion
→ Sacral Splanchnic n.
(sacral part of
sympathetic trunk)
→ Pelvic Plexus
- sympathetic fibers
from hypogastric
nerves
- parasympathetic
fibers from pelvic
nerve

138
Q

Leaves the sympathetic trunk at the level of the twelfth or thirteenth thoracic sympathetic ganglion. It passes dorsal to the crus of the diaphragm, enters the abdominal cavity, and courses to the adrenal gland and then to the celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglion and plexuses.

A

Major Splanchnic nerve

139
Q

Generally two, usually leave the last thoracic and first lumbar sympathetic ganglia. They supply nerves to the adrenal gland, and they terminate in the celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglia and plexuses.

A

Minor splanchnic nerves

140
Q

Arise from the second to fifth lumbar sympathetic ganglia. In general they are distributed to the aorticorenal, cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric ganglia and plexuses.

A

Lumbar Splanchnic nerves

141
Q

The celiac artery gives rise to

A

Hepatic a.
Left gastric a.
Splenic a.

142
Q

The hepathic artery gives rise to

A

Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a. Right gastric a

143
Q

Cranial Mesenteric a. gives rise to

A

Ileocolic a.
Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a.
Jenunal aa

144
Q

Ileocolic a. gives rise to

A

Middle colic a.
Right colic a.

145
Q

Middle colic a. Gives rise to

A

Left colic a.

146
Q

Phrenicoabdominal trunk gives rise to

A

Caudal phrenic a.
Cranial abdominal a.

147
Q

Right testicular/ ovarian vein drain into

A

Caudal vena cava

148
Q

Left testicular/ovarian vein drain into

A

Letf renal vein

149
Q

Branches of portal veins that drain
blood from _____ to ____

A

Abdominal viscera
Liver

150
Q

Drains the pancreas,
stomach, duodenum and greater omentum

A

Gastroduodenal v.

151
Q

Drains the spleen, stomach, pancreas, greater omentum,
lesser curvature of stomach (left gastric v.)

A

Splenic v.

152
Q

Drains the caudal
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, right lobe of pancreas

A

Cranial mesenteric v.

153
Q

Drains the cecum
and colon.

A

Caudal mesenteric v.

154
Q

Drains the jejunum

A

Jejunal veins

155
Q

Veins which carry blood to the liver
where it gets filtered by passing through
capillary bed of sinusoids before it exits through hepatic veins to enter the caudal vena cava leading to the heart.

A

Portal veins

156
Q

Portal veins

A

Gastroduodenal v.
Splenic v.
Cranial mesenteric v.
Caudal mesenteric v.
Jejunal veins

157
Q

Special capillaries
(channels) that receive blood from terminal branches of the
hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein and deliver it into central
veins.

A

Hepatic sinusoids

158
Q

Lies medial to coccygeus m.
Origin: medial edge of shaft of the ilium and
the dorsal surface of the pubis and pelvic symphysis.
Insertion:compact disks 3 to 7
Action: Supports the floor of the pelvis and
also controls the passage of feces.

A

Levator ani m.

159
Q

Lies lateral to levator ani m.
Origin: ischiatic spine
Insertion: transverse processes of Cd 2 to 4
Action: assists in raising and supporting
the pelvic floor.

A

Coccygeus m.

160
Q

Coccygeus and levator ani combined form the

A

Pelvic diaphragm

161
Q

Contains sympathetic fibers from hypogastric nerve and parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic nerve.

A

Pevic plexus

162
Q

Formed by parasympathetic
axons leaving the ventral branches of S1-S2-S3
Supplies branches to the urogenital organs, the rectum and descending colon

A

Pelvic nerve

163
Q

The aorta gives rise to _______ Iliac arteries

A

External Iliac a. (becomes femoral a.) Internal Iliac a.

164
Q

The internal iliac a. gives rise to

A

Umbilical a.
Caudal gluteal a.
Internal pudendal a.

165
Q

The caudal gluteal a. gives rise to

A

Iliolumbar a.
Cranial gluteal a.

166
Q

The internal pudendal a. gives rise to the

A

Vaginal a. [Prostatic a.]
Ventral perineal a.
Artery of the clitoris [artery of the penis]

167
Q

The artery of the penis gives rise to the

A

Bulb of penis a.
Deep a. of penis
Dorsal a. of penis

168
Q

The ventral perineal a. gives rise to the

A

Caudal rectal a.

169
Q

The vaginal a. [Prostatic a.] gives rise to the

A

Middle rectal a. (Supplies rectum & vagina) via caudal branch
Uterine a. [ductus deferens a.] via cranial branch
Caudal vesical a. (supplies bladder)

170
Q

The caudal vesical a. gives rise to the

A

Urethral a.

Comparative Anatomy (ANSC 251) (23 decks)

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