The Abdomen, Pelvis and Pelvic limb AND Vessels & Nerves of the Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
Quiz 5
1
Q
The abdominal muscles (wall) receives vascular supply from
A
1- cranial abdominal a.
2- cranial epigastric a.
3- caudal epigastric a.
4- deep circumflex iliac aa.
2
Q
The ventral and lateral abdominal wall receives nervous supply from:
A
Cranial iliohypogastric n. (L1)
Caudal iliohypogastric n. (L2)
Ilioinguinal n. (L3)
Lateral cutaneous femoral n. (L4)
3
Q
Pertaining to Ilium
A
Ilio
4
Q
Pertaining to ventral part of abdomen
A
Hypo
5
Q
Pertaining to
Stomach
A
Gastric
6
Q
Start of the Deep vessels (arteries) of the abdominal wall
A
Abdominal Aorta
7
Q
The Abdominal Aorta gives rise to
A
External Iliac a.
8
Q
The External Iliac a. gives rise to
A
Femoral a.
Deep femoral a.
9
Q
The Deep femoral a. gives rise to
A
pudendoepigastric trunk
10
Q
The Pudendoepigastric trunk gives rise to
A
Caudal epigastric a.
Ext pudendal a.
11
Q
The Ext pudendal a. gives rise to
A
Caudal superficial
epigastric a. (cse)
12
Q
What does the Caudal superficial epigastric a. (cse) supply to
A
Supplies cranial and caudal abdominal +
inguinal mammae and prepuce in male A small dorsal branch of the c.s.e.
Male: supply scrotum
Female: supply labia
13
Q
External pudendal a. Origin
A
Originates from pudendoepigastric trunk
14
Q
External pudendal a. gives rise to
A
Caudal superficial epigastric a.
15
Q
External pudendal a. Emerges from
A
Superficial Inguinal ring
16
Q
External pudendal a. supplies to
A
Gracilis muscle
17
Q
The double peritoneal fold which encloses the spermatic cord and the testis; made up of a visceral layer which is adherent to the testis and cord, and a parietal layer
which lines the scrotum and the inguinal canal.
A
Vaginal Tunic
18
Q
The diverticulum which encloses the round ligament of the uterus; found in free edge of the “perpendicular” sheet of the broad ligament;
passes from caudal pole of the ovary to (and usually through) the inguinal canal.
A
Vaginal process
19
Q
Structures passing through the Male inguinal canal.
A
External pudendal artery and vein
Genitofemoral nerve
Cremaster muscle
Spermatic cord
20
Q
Where does the Genitofemoral nerve in the male arise from?
A
Arises from ventral branch of L3 and L4
21
Q
What does the Genitofemoral nerve innervate?
A
Innervates Cremaster muscle and a part of the prepuce
22
Q
Where does the cremaster arise from?
A
Arises from the internal abdominal oblique m. and attaches to parietal vaginal tunic near the testis.
23
Q
What is the action/ function of the cremaster muscle?
A
Raise and lower the scrotum in order to regulate the temperature of the testis and promote
spermatogenesis.
24
Q
What does the spemaritc chord contain?
A
Vas deferens
Testicular a.
Testicular vein (pampiniform plexus)
Testicular lymph vessels
Testicular nerve plexus (L3 – L5 )-ANS
25
How is the spermatic chord carried through the inguinal canal?
Carried through the inguinal canal by the descent
of the testis
26
Structures passing through the Female inguinal canal.
External pudendal artery and vein
Genitofemoral nerve
Vaginal process
27
What does the genitofemoral nerve innervate?
Pubic area
28
What does the vaginal process contain?
Peritoneal diverticulum
accompanied by round
ligament of uterus.
29
Fold of peritoneum that passes from the umbilicus to the diaphragm and also attaches
to the liver
Falciform ligament
30
Found in the free margin of falciform ligament
Round ligament of the liver
31
Fetal remnant of the umbilical vein
Round ligament of the liver
32
What does the median ligament in the fetus contain?
The urachus* (stalk of the embryonic allantois)
The umbilical artery as it is continuous from the lateral ligaments (round lig. of bladder).
33
Located caudal to the umbilicus, attaches to bladder
Median ligament of the bladder
34
Fetal remnant of the Allantois (an embryonic membrane); a canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus
that runs within the umbilical cord.
Urachus
35
Branches of Internal Iliac arteries
Umbilical arteries
36
The remnants of the umbilical arteries in the lateral ligaments of the bladder.
Round ligament of bladder
37
An internal organ of the abdomen.
Viscus (plural: viscera)
38
Name of the space between the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum
Omental bursa
39
Doubled-layered sac that attaches to the greater curvature of stomach. Lacelike with fat deposition along vessels and covers to the jejunum and ileum
Greater Omentum
40
Name of the two leaves of the Greater omentum and what they contain
Superficial leaf ( ventral body wall) contains spleen
Deep leaf (abdominal organs) contains the left lobe of the pancreas
41
Section of greater
omentum that attaches spleen to stomach
Gastroplenic ligament
42
Lies on the floor of pelvic inlet (area between abdomen and pelvis)
Urinary when contracted (empty)
43
Lies on the floor of abdomen and adapts in shape by displacing movable viscera (can reach transverse plane to umbilicus
Urinary when distended (full)
44
Small and consist of short cervix, body,
two long horns.
When gravid, lies on the floor of abdomen, horns gravitate cranially and ventrally to lie medial to costal
arch
Uterus
45
Located in the superficial leaf (omentum) along greater curvature of stomach. Caudally, it can reach a transverse plane to midlumbar region
Spleen
46
Closely associated with the circulatory
system, where it functions in the
destruction of old red blood cells
Provides lymphocytes/ antibodies to immune system, hence its absence may lead to a predisposition to certain infections
Spleen
47
If anesthetized with a barbiturate, it
may be abnormally enlarged. Barbiturates relax smooth muscle tone, allowing for pooling of blood in splenic sinusoids
Spleen
48
Muscular partition between thoracic and
abdominal cavities
Muscle of inspiration
Contains:
Tendinous center: v-shaped and non-muscular
Muscular periphery (lumbar, costal, sternal)
Diaphragm
49
Cranial part of diaphragm that bulges into thorax
Cupula
50
Passageway for aorta,
azygos vein, thoracic duct
Aortic hiatus
51
Passageway for
esophagus, vagal nerve trunk, esophageal
vessels
Esophageal hiatus
52
Passageway for caudal
vena cava
Caval foramen
53
Diaphragm arterial supply
The phrenic a. (from
(phrenicoabdominal a.) between cranial mesenteric a. and renal a.
54
Secretes bile salts which emulsify ingested fat; bile is stored in the gallbladder
Liver
55
The six lobes of the Liver
Right medial lobe
Right lateral lobe
Quadrate lobe
Left medial lobe
Left lateral lobe
Caudate lobe
56
Which lobe contains
the fossa for the gallbladder?
Right Medial Lobe
57
Why is the Left lateral lobe concave?
Gastric Impression
58
Caudate process
Renal Impression of the caudate lobe of the liver
59
Papillary process
(Caudaute lobe)
Lies in lesser curvature of stomach
60
Located in a fossa between the quadrate and right medial lobe of the liver
Gallbladder
61
The neck area of the gallbladder continues as
Cystic Duct
62
Union of hepatic and cystic ducts form the
Bile duct
63
The bile duct courses through the wall of descending duodenum and terminates at the
Major duodenal Papilla
64
Secretes proteolytic/ digestive enzymes and insulin (hormone that controls blood sugar levels)
Located in greater omentum
Pancreas
65
Three parts of the pancreas
Right/left lobe and body
66
Empties with bile duct into duodenum at the
major duodenal papilla
Pancreatic duct (smaller)
67
Empties into duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla
Accessory pancreatic duct (larger)
68
The dog's stomach is
Monogastric
Examples of monogastric species:
dog, rabbit, pig, horse, human
69
Situated near esophagus,
prevents backflow
Cardiac part (Stomach)
70
Dome shaped; lies left and dorsal to cardia
Fundus (Stomach)
71
Largest middle portion of Stomach
Body
72
Narrowing portion of
stomach into pyloric cana
Pyloric antrum
73
Junction of pyloric canal with duodenum
Pylorus (Stomach)
74
The horse's hindgut fermenter; fermentation
system analagous to the rumen
The cecum (large intestine)
75
What nutrients flow into the horse's large intestine where it is subjected to
fermentation?
Structural carbohydrates like cellulose and
hemicellulose, along with starch and other
soluble carbohydrates that escape digestion in the small intestine
76
What is the major difference between the digestive strategy of horses and ruminants?
The large quantity of microbial protein generated in the equine large gut is wasted because there is no opportunity there for significant absorption of amino acids.
77
A ruminant's stomach is
Polygastric
Examples of ruminants: cow, sheep, goat, bison,
deer, giraffes
78
Ruminant digestion pathway
Feed→Eosophagus→ Rumen (papillae)→ Reticulum (honeycomb)
(magnet- hardware disease)→ Omasum (leaflets)→ Abomasum (true stomach)→ Small intestine
79
The Small Intestine contains:
Duodenum
Jejulum
Ileum
80
Most fixed part of small intestine, starts at the pylorus, suspended by the mesoduodenum (part of peritoneum) and breakdown of food.
Duodenum
81
What is the arterial supply of the duodenum?
cranial pancreaticoduodenal a. which arises from the celiac a.
82
Sympathetic innervation of the duodenum
Splanchnic fibers from the cranial mesenteric ganglion (major splanchnic nerve )
83
Parasympathetic innervation of the duodenum
Vagus (X) nerve
84
Forms the coils of small intestine and absorbs nutrients
Jejunum
85
What is the arterial supply of the jejunum?
Branches of cranial mesenteric a.
86
Parasympathetic innervation of the jejunum
Vagus (X) nerve.
87
Sympathetic innervation of the jejunum
Splanchnic fibers from the cranial mesenteric ganglion (minor splanchnic nerve
88
Terminal portion of small intestine, Connects with ascending colon at the ileocolic orifice, Absorption of products of digestion
and Final stage of enzyme and carbohydrate digestion
Ileum
89
What is the arterial supply of the Ileum?
Branches of cranial mesenteric a.
90
Parasympathetic innervation of the Ileum
Vagus (X) nerve.
91
Sympathetic innervation of the Ileum
Splanchnic fibers from the cranial mesenteric ganglion (minor splanchnic nerve)
92
The Large intestines contain:
Cecum
Colon
93
S-shaped blind tube located at the junction of the ileum and colon. Communicates with the ascending colon at the cecocolic orifice. In carnivores, it is small and its function is unclear. In herbivores (horse) it is large due to the large number of bacteria which aid in the
enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose.
Cecum
94
What is the Arterial supply of the cecum?
Branches of cranial mesenteric a.
95
Sympathetic innervation of cecum
Splanchnic fibers from the cranial mesenteric ganglion (minor splanchnic nerve)
96
Parasympathetic innervation of cecum
Vagus (X) nerve.
97
Water absorption and the descending part is continuous with the rectum.
Colon
98
What is the arterial supply of the ascending and transverse colon?
Branches of the cranial mesenteric a.
99
What is the arterial supply of the descending colon?
Caudal mesenteric a.
100
Parasympathetic innervation of the ascending colon
Vagus nerve fibers
101
Parasympathetic innervation of the transverse colon
Vagus nerve fibers
102
Parasympathetic innervation of the descending colon
Pelvic nerve
103
Sympathetic innervation of the ascending colon
Splanchnic fibers from the cranial mesenteric ganglion
104
Sympathetic innervation of the transverse colon
Splanchnic fibers from the cranial & caudal
mesenteric ganglion
105
Sympathetic innervation of the descending colon
Lumbar part of sympathetic trunk, hypogastric n.
106
Located near the caudal pole of kidneys
Enclosed in a thin-walled peritoneal sac called the ovarian bursa
Ovaries
107
Fimbriated structure that catches the ova after ovulation
Leads into uterine tube
Infundibulum
108
Small tube leaving the bursa leading to the
uterine horn
Uterine tube
109
Junction of uterine tube into uterine horn
Tubouterine junction
110
Holds the ovary in a fixed position, attached to the body wall
Suspensory ligament of ovary
111
Short, attaches the ovary to cranial end of uterine horn
Proper ligament of ovary
112
Broad ligaments of uterus (3)
Mesometrium
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
113
Which peritoneal layers form the wall of the ovarian bursa (broad ligaments of uterus)?
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
114
Extends from the abdominal wall to the ovaries, horns and uterine body. It supports the reproductive tract in place.
Mesometrium
115
Continuation of mesometrium. Attaches the ovary to lateral sublumbar region.
Mesovarium
116
Peritoneum that attaches the uterine tube to the mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
117
Peritoneal recess (sinus – cleft)
created by the mesosalpinx, mesovarium, and
ovary itself.
Ovariam bursa
118
Homologue of the embryonic gubernaculum (aids in the descent of gonads). Has no function in the adult.
Round ligament of the uterus
119
The uterus receives vascular supply from
Anastomosing
ovarian and uterine arteries.
120
Sympathetic innervation of the uterus is paired through
Left and right hypogastric nerves
121
Parasympathetic innervation of the uterus is paired through
Pelvic nerves
122
A bacterial uterine infection that causes inflammation of the uterus. This condition is often associated with the retained placenta or fetuses, after the delivery of a large litter of puppies. The open cervix facilitates easy entry of the bacteria in the uterus of the dogs.The retention of placenta, fetuses and other tissues in the uterus provides a growth medium to the bacteria. The bacteria
causing these infections are coliform bacteria like Escheria coli. They spread quickly into the blood and can cause serious dog health hazards.
Metritis in dogs
123
An infection in the
uterus mainly affecting middle-aged female dogs that have not been spayed. A hormonal abnormality in which an overquantity of progesterone or
oversensitiveness of the uterus to progesterone causes it and cysts to form
in the lining of the uterus. It follows a heat cycle in which fertilization did not
occur. Typically, within two to four months after the cycle, the female starts showing
signs of the disease.
Pyometra in dogs
124
Carries both sensory and motor fibers from and to viscera.
At the root of the lungs, R & L divides into dorsal and ventral branches.
Vagus nerve (Cranial 10)
125
Abdominal aortic plexuses
Celiac
Cranial mesenteric
Caudal mesenteric Adrenal
Aorticorenal
126
The abdominal aortic plexuses are named according
To the branch of the aorta they are
associated with
127
Parasympathetic axons
follow respective arteries
128
Branch meeting near the diaphragm
Dorsal branch
129
Dorsal/ventral bramch forms the
Dorsal/ventral vagal trunk
130
Located on dorsal
surface of terminal part of esophagus
Dorsal vagal trunk
131
Gives off the celiac
branch → contributing to celiac and cranial mesenteric plexuses.
Dorsal vagal trunk
132
Branch meeting caudal to root of lung
Ventral Branch
133
Located on
ventral surface of terminal part of esophagus.
Ventral vagal trunk
134
Supplies the liver,
stomach and pylorus
Ventral vagal trunk
135
Pass through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm and course along the lesser curvature of the stomach
Ventral and dorsal vagal trunk
136
Paired nerves that innervate the viscera, carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system as well as sensory fibers from the organs (which are also known as visceral afferent fibers). All carry sympathetic fibers except for the
pelvic ones, which carry parasympathetic fibers.
Splanchnic nerves
137
Groups of splanchnic nerves (ganglions, trunks, plexuses)
→ Sympathetic trunk &
splanchnic n.
- major splanchnic n.
- minor splanchnic n.
- lumbar splanchnic n.
→ Celiacomesenteric
ganglion & plexuses
- celiac ganglion
- cranial mesenteric
ganglion
→ Caudal mesenteric
ganglion
→ Sacral Splanchnic n.
(sacral part of
sympathetic trunk)
→ Pelvic Plexus
- sympathetic fibers
from hypogastric
nerves
- parasympathetic
fibers from pelvic
nerve
138
Leaves the sympathetic trunk at the level of the twelfth or thirteenth thoracic sympathetic ganglion. It passes dorsal to the crus of the diaphragm, enters the abdominal cavity, and courses to the adrenal gland and then to the celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglion and plexuses.
Major Splanchnic nerve
139
Generally two, usually leave the last thoracic and first lumbar sympathetic ganglia. They supply nerves to the adrenal gland, and they terminate in the celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglia and plexuses.
Minor splanchnic nerves
140
Arise from the second to fifth lumbar sympathetic ganglia. In general they are distributed to the aorticorenal, cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric ganglia and plexuses.
Lumbar Splanchnic nerves
141
The celiac artery gives rise to
Hepatic a.
Left gastric a.
Splenic a.
142
The hepathic artery gives rise to
Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a. Right gastric a
143
Cranial Mesenteric a. gives rise to
Ileocolic a.
Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a.
Jenunal aa
144
Ileocolic a. gives rise to
Middle colic a.
Right colic a.
145
Middle colic a. Gives rise to
Left colic a.
146
Phrenicoabdominal trunk gives rise to
Caudal phrenic a.
Cranial abdominal a.
147
Right testicular/ ovarian vein drain into
Caudal vena cava
148
Left testicular/ovarian vein drain into
Letf renal vein
149
Branches of portal veins that drain
blood from _____ to ____
Abdominal viscera
Liver
150
Drains the pancreas,
stomach, duodenum and greater omentum
Gastroduodenal v.
151
Drains the spleen, stomach, pancreas, greater omentum,
lesser curvature of stomach (left gastric v.)
Splenic v.
152
Drains the caudal
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, right lobe of pancreas
Cranial mesenteric v.
153
Drains the cecum
and colon.
Caudal mesenteric v.
154
Drains the jejunum
Jejunal veins
155
Veins which carry blood to the liver
where it gets filtered by passing through
capillary bed of sinusoids before it exits through hepatic veins to enter the caudal vena cava leading to the heart.
Portal veins
156
Portal veins
Gastroduodenal v.
Splenic v.
Cranial mesenteric v.
Caudal mesenteric v.
Jejunal veins
157
Special capillaries
(channels) that receive blood from terminal branches of the
hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein and deliver it into central
veins.
Hepatic sinusoids
158
Lies medial to coccygeus m.
Origin: medial edge of shaft of the ilium and
the dorsal surface of the pubis and pelvic symphysis.
Insertion:compact disks 3 to 7
Action: Supports the floor of the pelvis and
also controls the passage of feces.
Levator ani m.
159
Lies lateral to levator ani m.
Origin: ischiatic spine
Insertion: transverse processes of Cd 2 to 4
Action: assists in raising and supporting
the pelvic floor.
Coccygeus m.
160
Coccygeus and levator ani combined form the
Pelvic diaphragm
161
Contains sympathetic fibers from hypogastric nerve and parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic nerve.
Pevic plexus
162
Formed by parasympathetic
axons leaving the ventral branches of S1-S2-S3
Supplies branches to the urogenital organs, the rectum and descending colon
Pelvic nerve
163
The aorta gives rise to _______ Iliac arteries
External Iliac a. (becomes femoral a.) Internal Iliac a.
164
The internal iliac a. gives rise to
Umbilical a.
Caudal gluteal a.
Internal pudendal a.
165
The caudal gluteal a. gives rise to
Iliolumbar a.
Cranial gluteal a.
166
The internal pudendal a. gives rise to the
Vaginal a. [Prostatic a.]
Ventral perineal a.
Artery of the clitoris [artery of the penis]
167
The artery of the penis gives rise to the
Bulb of penis a.
Deep a. of penis
Dorsal a. of penis
168
The ventral perineal a. gives rise to the
Caudal rectal a.
169
The vaginal a. [Prostatic a.] gives rise to the
Middle rectal a. (Supplies rectum & vagina) via caudal branch
Uterine a. [ductus deferens a.] via cranial branch
Caudal vesical a. (supplies bladder)
170
The caudal vesical a. gives rise to the
Urethral a.
