Vessels and Circulation Part 2 Flashcards
In the head and neck, Arterial supply is derived from what two sources?
Common Carotid Artery (neck, face, anterior brain)
Vertebral Artery from Subclavian Artery to posterior brain
Name the branches of the external carotid arising in carotid triangle
Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery
Name the Branch of the external carotid that does not branch
Posterior auricular artery
Name the terminal branches of the branches of the external carotid
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery
Arterial supply to the head and neck:
Brain (internal)
2 Vertebral Arteries
2 Internal Carotid Arteries
Arterial supply to the head and neck:
Head (external)
2 External Carotid Arteries
Arterial supply to the head and neck:
Neck (external)
2 External Carotid Arteries Thyrocervical Trunks (from Subclavian Arteries)
Venous drainage of the head and neck:
Brain
Dural sinuses to internal jugular veins
Venous drainage of the head and neck:
Head
Internal Jugular Veins
External Jugular Veins
Vertebral Veins
Venous drainage of the head and neck:
Neck
Internal Jugular Veins
External Jugular Veins
What is the cerebral arterial circle or the circle of willis?
An important anastomosis of arteries around the sella turcica
What forms the circle of willis?
Posterior cerebral arteries and posterior communicating arteries, internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, and anterior communicating arteries
What is the function of the Circle of Willis?
Equalizes blood pressure in the brain and can provide collateral channels should one vessel become blocked
Where do the branches of the abdominal aorta lead?
Diaphragm
GI tract
Other organs not part of the gut
Body wall
Name of branch that lead to diaphragm
inferior phrenic
Name of branches to GI tract
Celiac, Superior, & Inferior mesenteric
Name of branches to other organs not part of the gut
Suprarenal, renal, gonadal (ovarian and testicular)
Name of branches to the body wall
Lumbar arteries (analogous to intercostal arteries)
What is the Hepatic Portal System?
A venous network that drains the GI tract and shunts the blood to the liver for processing and absorption of transported materials
Blood exits the liver through _____ veins that merge with the ________________
hepatic veins
inferior vena cava
Why is the hepatic portal system needed?
Because the GI tract absorbs digested nutrients, and these nutrients must be processed and/or stored in the liver
What are the three sources of blood supply to the thoracic wall?
Axillary
Subclavian
Aorta
What are the axillary branches of the thoracic wall?
Supreme thoracic
Lateral thoracic
What is the subclavian branch of the thoracic wall
Internal thoracic (or mammary) artery which has the anterior intercostal branches
What are the aortic branches of the thoracic wall?
Intercostal arteries
What artery is utilized in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)?
Internal thoracic artery
Name the parts of the axillary artery
Part 1: Superior thoracic artery
Part 2: Thoracoacromial trunk and lateral thoracic artery
Part 3: Subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral, and posterior circumflex humeral
Basilic veins
Continues as the axillary vein; medial
Cephalic Vein
drains into axillary before it becomes subclavian vein; Lateral
What is the main source of blood supply to the lower limb?
Femoral Artery
What are the two main branches of the femoral artery?
Deep femoral artery
Popliteal artery
What is responsible for the venous drainage of the lower limb?
Femoral vein
Explain what happens to the cardiovascular system due to age
Heart and BVs become less resilient
Elastic Arteries less able to withstand forces from pulsating blood
Systolic BP may increase
Apt to develop aneurysm
Incidence and severity of atherosclerosis increses
What is an aneurysm?
Thinning and ballooning of arterial wall
