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Whitney - Anatomy Test 2 > Vertebral Column Osteology > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

The vertebral column

A

Segmented structure that supports trunk posture, allows trunk movement, transmits the weight of the head, neck, trunk, and upper limb to the lower limb, and protects the spinal cord.

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2
Q

The osteological elements of the vertebral column include the following bones (bilaterally):

A

7 cervical vertebrae

12 thoracic vertebrae

5 lumbar vertebrae

5 sacral vertebrae

4 coccygeal vertebrae

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3
Q

The vertebral column is part of the _____ skeleton.

A

Axial

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4
Q

Primary Curvatures

A

Thoracic

Sacral

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5
Q

Secondary Curvatures

A

Cervical

Lumbar

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6
Q

The curvatures of the human vertebral columns accommodate our:

A

Erect, bipedal posture and locomotion

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7
Q

Body of Cervical Vertebral Column

A

Small, wider side to side

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8
Q

Spinous process of Cervical Vertebral Column

A

Short, bifid, projects posteriorly

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9
Q

Vertebral foramen of Cervical Vertebral Column

A

Triangular in Shape

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10
Q

Transverse process of Cervical Vertebral Column

A

Have foramina

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11
Q

Superior & Inferior Articular Processes of Cervical Vertebral Column

A

Directed superoposteriorly

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12
Q

Movement allowed in Cervical Vertebral Coulumn

A

Flexion & extension Lateral flexion Rotation (greatest range of motion for entire vertebral column)

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13
Q

Cervical Ribs

A

An extra rib (or pair of ribs) arises from the 7th cervical vertebra Can result in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

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14
Q

Other possible causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A

Fractured Clavicle Extra muscle or scar tissue in the region of the scalene muscles Poor posture of the neck/shoulder region Anomalous anatomical variation involving muscles and/or vasculature Can occur in different areas

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15
Q

Body of Thoracic Vertebral Column

A

Larger, heart-shaped, costal facets

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16
Q

Spinous process of Thoracic Vertebral Column

A

Long & sharp, project inferiorly

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17
Q

Vertebral foramen of Thoracic Vertebral Column

A

Circular

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18
Q

Transverse process of Thoracic Vertebral Column

A

Facets for ribs (except T1 and T12)

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19
Q

Superior & Inferior Articular Processes of Thoracic Vertebral Column

A

Superior facets directed posteriorly Inferior facets directed anteriorly

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20
Q

Movements allowed in the Thoracic Vertebral Column

A

Rotation, lateral flexion is limited, flexion & extension are prevented

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21
Q

Body of Lumbar Vertebral Column

A

Massive, Kidney-shaped

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22
Q

Spinous process of Lumbar Vertebral Column

A

Short & blunt, rectangular shaped, project posteriorly

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23
Q

Vertebral foramen of Lumbar Vertebral Column

A

Triangular

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24
Q

Transverse process of Lumbar Vertebral Column

A

Thin & tapered

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25
Q

Superior & Inferior Articular Processes of Lumbar Vertebral Column

A

Superior directed posteromedially Inferior directs anterolaterally or laterally

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26
Q

Movements allowed in Lumbar Vertebral Column

A

Flexion & extension, some lateral flexion, rotation prevented

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27
Q

The sacrum is comprised of ___ fused vertebrae

28
Q

The sacrum provides ______ and ______ to the pelvis

A

Strength and Stability

29
Q

Attached to the inferior end of the sacrum are 3-4 small, fused vertebrae called the ______.

A

Coccyx (tail bone)

30
Q

The ________ joints are the joints between the vertebral bodies.

A

Intervertebral

31
Q

The intervertebral joints are primarily maintained by 3 ligamentous structures:

A
  1. Annulus fibrosis
  2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
  3. Posterior longitudinal ligament
32
Q

Where do herniated discs tend to occur?

A

Lumbar region and in the posterior & lateral directions

33
Q

Why does herniation typically occur in the posterior & lateral directions?

A

Because the posterior longitudinal ligament is nor very broad, and the herniated material of the disc will take the path of least resistance

34
Q

Thoracic Region Disc Herniation

A

Usually a result of wear and tear; disc degeneration Sudden & forceful twisting of the midback region Other conditions that predispose individual, such as an abnormal kyphosis (Scheuermann’s)

35
Q

Lumbar Region Disk Herniation

A

Frequent bending, twisting, & improper lifting increases load on tendons that reinforce this region, as well as the intervertebral discs Acute or sudden injury (fall landing in sitting positions)

36
Q

Arterial supply to Cervical Region

A

Vertebral and cervical arteries

37
Q

Arterial supply to Thoracic Region

A

Posterior intercostal arteries

38
Q

Arterial supply to Lumbar Region

A

Subcostal and Lumbar Arteries

39
Q

Arterial supply to Sacral Region

A

Iliolumbar arteries, medial and lateral sacral arteries

40
Q

Venous drainage (venous plexuses around and inside vertebral column)

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus External vertebral venous plexus Basivertebral veins Intervertebral veins

41
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal or exaggerated thoracic curvature Can result from developmental abnormalities, trauma, or degenerative disease

42
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal or exaggerated lumbar curvature Associated with congenital abnormalities, musculoskeletal problems, degenerative disease

43
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of spine Can be congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic in origin

44
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Broken vertebra Trauma or degenerative disease Common cause of spondylolisthesis Break right through the pars

45
Q

Pars interarticularis

A

Located between the inferior & superior articular facets, between the lamina & pedicles of vertebrae Fractures at this point associated w/ spondylolysis “Scottie Dog”

46
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Anterior/ventral displacement of one vertebra on adjacent Common progression from spondylolysis, can also be congenital

47
Q

Compression Fracture

A

Collapse of bone of vertebral body Can be caused by trauma or degenerative disease

48
Q

Sacralization

A

Fusion or partial fusion of L5 to the sacrum Congenital

49
Q

Osteopenia

A

Thinning or decrease in bone mass

50
Q

Osteoporosis

A

The condition of having diminished bone density making bones prone to fracture

51
Q

What vertebrae are less tightly interlocked and more prone to dislocation?

A

Articulated cervical vertebrae

52
Q

Burst Fractures (Jefferson Fracture)

A

Lateral masses of C1 are compressed between the occipital condyles & the axis (C2), fracturing anterior and/or posterior arches of C1 May also involve rupture of transverse ligament, resulting in dislocation

53
Q

Causes of Burst Fractures

A

Sudden, forceful compression of C1 (driving accidents, roll-over car accidents, etc.)

54
Q

Fracture of Vertebral Arch (Hangman’s Fracture)

A

Fracture of pars interarticularis (traumatic spondylolysis of C2)

55
Q

Causes of Hangman’s Fracture

A

Hyperextension of the neck from (judicial hanging, some severe cases of acceleration/deceleration syndrome where head and neck are hyperextended, etc.)

56
Q

Fracture of Dens

A

Fracture at base of dens (most common), or along body of axis

57
Q

Causes of Dens Fracture

A

Horizontal blow to the head

58
Q

Lebel this image

59
Q

Label this Image

60
Q

Identify the Vertebrae and Label the Image

61
Q

Identify the vertebrae and labe the image

62
Q

Identify the vertebrae and label the image

A

Thoracic vertebrae

63
Q

Identify the vertebrae and label the image

A

Lumbar Vertebrae

64
Q

Label the Image

65
Q

Label the Image

66
Q

Label the Image

67
Q

Label the Image

Whitney - Anatomy Test 2 (8 decks)

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