Osteology of the Upper Limb

Question 1

The elements of the upper limb include:

Answer 1

Clavicle (collar bone; part of the pectoral girdle) Scapula (shoulder blade; part of pectoral girdle) Humerus (arm/brachium) Radius (forearm/antebrachium) Ulna (forearm/antebrachium) Carpals (wrist/carpus) Metacarpals (hand/manus) Proximal and distal phalanges

Question 2

What two bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 2

Clavicle Scapula

Question 3

Muscles that attach to the clavicle

Answer 3

Pectoralis Major (anterior border) Subclavius (inferior surface) Trapezius (superior surface) Deltoid (superior surface & anterior border)

Question 4

Muscles that attach to the Coracoid Process of Scapula

Answer 4

Short head of biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Pectoralis minor

Question 5

Muscles that attach to the Spine of Scapula

Answer 5

Deltoid Trapezius

Question 6

Muscles that attach to the Medial (Vertebral) Border of Scapula

Answer 6

Serratus anterior Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Levator scapulae (superior angle) Latissimus dorsi (inferior angle)

Question 7

Muscles that attach to Lateral (Axillary) Border of Scapula

Answer 7

Teres minor Teres major

Question 8

Glenoid Attachments

Answer 8

Supraglenoid tubercle Infraglenoid tubercle

Question 9

Supraglenoid tubercle

Answer 9

Long head of biceps brachii

Question 10

Infraglenoid tubercle

Answer 10

Long head of triceps brachii

Question 11

Anterior muscles of the rotator cuff

Answer 11

Subscapularis

Question 12

Posterior muscles of the rotator cuff

Answer 12

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor

Question 13

Head of humerus:

Answer 13

Articulates with glenoid of scapula

Question 14

Less tubercle of humerus:

Answer 14

For attachment of subscapularis

Question 15

Greater tubercle of humerus:

Answer 15

For attachment of Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres minor

Question 16

Bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus) of humerus:

Answer 16

For long tendon of biceps brachii Between greater and lesser tubercles

Question 17

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus:

Answer 17

For attachment of deltoid muscle

Question 18

Midshaft of humerus:

Answer 18

Provides attachment for coracobrachialis and brachialis muscles

Question 19

Medial epicondyle of humerus:

Answer 19

Provides origin for wrist & finger flexors (Common flexor origin)

Question 20

Lateral epicondyle of humerus:

Answer 20

Provides origin for wrist & finger extensors (Common extensor origin)

Question 21

Head of radius

Answer 21

Articulates with capitulum of humerus & radial notch of ulna

Question 22

Radial tuberosity of radius

Answer 22

Provides attachment site for biceps brachii tendon

Question 23

Radial shaft of radius

Answer 23

Provides attachment sites for pronators & supinators of the forearm, as well as some of the flexors & extensors of the wrist and fingers

Question 24

Distal end of radius

Answer 24

Articulates with the scaphoid & lunate carpal bones

Question 25

Trochlear notch (semilunar notch) of the ulna

Answer 25

Articulates with trochlea of humerus to form the stable hinge joint of the elbow

Question 26

Coronoid process of the ulna

Answer 26

Provides insertion point for brachialis & origin for pronator teres

Question 27

Olecranon process (“elbow”) of the ulna

Answer 27

Provides insertion for the triceps tendon

Question 28

Ulnar shaft of the ulna

Answer 28

Provides origin for pronator quadratus & supinator as well as digital extensors

Question 29

Distal ulna

Answer 29

Does NOT articulate with the carpal bones

Question 30

How many bones make up the carpals?

Answer 30

8 bones

Question 31

How many bones make up the metacarpals?

Answer 31

5 bones

Question 32

Describe the Phalanges

Answer 32

14 bones 5 digits Each has 3 segments but thumb has only 2

Question 33

Name the bones of the carpals

Answer 33

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium

Question 34

Joints of wrist & hand

Answer 34

Carpometacarpal joints Metacarpophalangeal joints Interphalangeal joints

Question 35

The flexors and extensors of the wrist have their insertions on _____.

Answer 35

Carpals

Question 36

The flexors and extensors of the the digits have their insertions on _______.

Answer 36

Phalanges

Question 37

The intrinsic muscles of the hand mostly originate and insert on _______, but some insert on structures associated with _____.

Answer 37

Metacarpals Phalanges

Question 38

Label the Image

Answer 38

Question 39

Label the Image

Answer 39

Question 40

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Answer 40

Question 41

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Answer 41

Question 42

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Answer 42

Question 43

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Answer 43

Question 44

Label the Image

Answer 44

Question 45

Label the Image

Answer 45