Vessels and Circulation Part 1

Question 1

Heart

Answer 1

The mechanical pump that propels the blood through the vessels

Question 2

What do BVs transport?

Answer 2

Oxygen, nutrients, and wast products

Question 3

The heart and BVs for a:

Answer 3

Closed-loop system

Question 4

True or False:

Blood vessels are rigid and immobile

Answer 4

FALSE

They pulsate and change shape and course in accordance with the body’s needs

Question 5

________ circulation consists of the blood vessels that extend to and from the body tissues

Answer 5

Systemic

Question 6

_______ circulation consists of the vessels that take the blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then return oxygenated blood to the heart

Answer 6

Pulmonary

Question 7

Three main classes of BVs

Answer 7

Arteries, capillaries, and veins

Question 8

Arteries

Answer 8

Convey blood away from the heart to the body tissues

Question 9

What do arteries branch into and what occurs here?

Answer 9

Capillaries, where gas and nutrient exchange occur

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

Return blood to the heart

Question 11

Anastomosis

Answer 11

Site where two or more vessels merge to supply the same body region

Question 12

What can arterial anastomoses provide?

Answer 12

They can provide alternate blood supply routs to tissues and organs

Question 13

Anatomical end arteries

Answer 13

Vessels whose terminal branches do not anastomose (e.g. Renal Artery)

Question 14

What happens if an anatomical end artery becomes blocked?

Answer 14

The tissues will be deprived of oxygen and an “infarct” develops

Question 15

True or False:

Veins tend to form many more anastomoses than do arteries

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Functional end arteries

Answer 16

anastomoses are so small that arteries may be considered end arteries (e.g. coronary arteries)

Question 17

Three layers (tunics) of BVs

Answer 17

Tunica intima or interna (inner layer)
Tunica media (middle layer)
Tunica externa or adventitia (outer layer)

Question 18

What is the tunica intima/interna made up of?

Answer 18

Layer of simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)

Question 19

What is the Tunica Media made up of?

Answer 19

Smooth muscle under autonomic control

Question 20

Narrowing of the blood vessel lumen

Answer 20

Vasoconstriction

Question 21

Widening of the blood vessel lumen

Answer 21

Vasodilation

Question 22

What is the tunica externa/adventitia made up of?

Answer 22

Areolar CT w/ elastic and collagen fibers & nerve fibers

Question 23

What is the function of the tunica externa/adventitia?

Answer 23

Helps anchor the vessel to other tissues, protects & supports vessels

Question 24

Vasa Vasorum

Answer 24

Small blood vessels that supply the cells of the wall

Question 25

Compared to a vein, the lumen diameter of an artery is

Answer 25

Narrower than a vein

Question 26

Compared to a vein, the general wall thickness of an artery is

Answer 26

Thicker than vein

Question 27

Artery cross-sectional shape vs. Vein cross-sectional shape

Answer 27

Artery retains its shape, while the vein tends to flatten and collapse

Question 28

Thickest tunic of an artery

Answer 28

Tunica Media

Question 29

Thickest tunic of a vein

Answer 29

Tunica Externa

Question 30

Elastic/Collagen fibers in artery vs. in vein

Answer 30

More in the artery than in the vein

Question 31

Compared to veins, how does the blood pressure differ in arteries?

Answer 31

BP is higher in arteries

Question 32

How do the SYSTEMIC blood oxygen levels differ in arteries and veins?

Answer 32

In arteries, blood is high in O2 | In veins, blood is low in O2

Question 33

How do the PULMONARY blood oxygen levels differ in arteries and veins?

Answer 33

In arteries, blood is low in O2 | In veins, blood is high in O2

Question 34

Three basic types of arteries

Answer 34

elastic arteries muscular arteries arterioles (based on artery size and function)

Question 35

What are the characteristics of elastic areteries, where are they found, and what are some examples?

Answer 35

Thick-walled, high proportion of elastic fibers throughout tunica media Near the heart Example: Aorta, pulmonary arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid, and iliac

Question 36

What are the functions of elastic arteries?

Answer 36

Dampen BP changes associated with heart contraction | Passive accommodation results in smooth flow of blood

Question 37

What are the characteristics of muscular arteries?

Answer 37

Think tunica media, more smooth muscle | Elastic fibers restricted to internal and external lamina

Question 38

True or False | Arterioles are not under autonomic control

Answer 38

False | Vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur in arterioles

Question 39

Common Arterial Disorders

Answer 39

Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Hypertension Aneurysms

Question 40

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 40

Hardening of the arteries

Question 41

Atherosclerosis

Answer 41

Fatty deposits build up in the inner lining of an artery, eventually causing it to narrow and restrict blood flow

Question 42

Aneurysms

Answer 42

Ballooning and/or rupture of the vessel

Question 43

Cardiac infarct and Cerebral infarct

Answer 43

Blockage of blood flow to heart/brain resulting from occlusion of the lumen of arteries

Question 44

Atherosclerosis Risk Factors

Answer 44

Genetics, hypercholesterolemia, sex (male), age, smoking, hypertension

Question 45

Capillaries

Answer 45

Smallest blood vessels, connect arterioles to venules

Question 46

What tunica do Capillaries contain?

Answer 46

Tunica lamina consisting of a basement membrane and endothelium

Question 47

What is the function of a Capillary?

Answer 47

Allow gas and nutrient exchange between the blood and the body tissues to occur rapidly

Question 48

True or False: | Capillary beds function independently

Answer 48

False | Capillaries are fed by metarteriole with precapillary sphincter

Question 49

What is the continuation of the metarteriole called?

Answer 49

Thoroughface channel

Question 50

Three types of capillaries

Answer 50

Continuous capillaries Fenestrated capillaries Sinusoids (discontinuous capillaries)

Question 51

Where are continuous capillaries found?

Answer 51

Muscle, skin, lungs, CNS

Question 52

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

Answer 52

GI tract, kidney, endocrine glands

Question 53

Where are sinusoids found?

Answer 53

Suprarenal glands, spleen, liver, anterior pituitary

Question 54

True or False | Arteries hold more of the body's blood at rest than veins

Answer 54

False | Veins hold about 60% of the body's blood at rest

Question 55

Venules

Answer 55

Merge from veins Thinner walls and less muscle Mostly elastin in tunica media Tunica externa is thickest wall

Question 56

How do veins prevent blood backflow?

Answer 56

Valves

Question 57

Skeletal muscle pump

Answer 57

As skeletal muscles contract, veins are squeezed to help pump the blood toward the heart

Question 58

Varicose Veins

Answer 58

Dilated, tortuous veins Caused by nonfunctional valves Most common in lower limb Causes: Genetics, aging, stress, standing, obesity, pregnancy

Question 59

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Answer 59

Blood clot or thrombus, most serious complication is PE Common in sural (calf) or femoral (thigh) region Causes: pregnancy, "economy class syndrome"

Question 60

Systolic BP

Answer 60

during ventricular contraction (120)

Question 61

Diastolic BP

Answer 61

during ventricular relaxation (70)

Question 62

Hypertension

Answer 62

Chronically elevated BP | Damage to vessel wall --> thickening of wall --> decrease in lumen size

Question 63

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 63

Carrying deoxygenated blood from right side of the heart to the lungs, then returning newly oxygenated blood to left side of the heart