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Anatomy II > Vessels > Flashcards

Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the first part of the aorta?

What are the branches of arcus aortae?

A

aorta ascendens

arcus aortae:

  • truncus brachiocephalicus
    • a. subclavia dextra
    • a. carotis communis dextra
  • a. carotis communis sinistra
  • a. subclavia sinistra

​in 10%: either as 4th branch/arcus aorticus: a. thyroidea ima → thyroid gland

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2
Q

List the branches of the abdominal aorta in craniocaudal direction.

Where do they end (only paired branches)?

A

parietal branches

  • a. phrenica inferior (2) → diaphragm
  • aa. lumbales (8) → a. intercostales

visceral branches

  • truncus coeliacus below hiatus aorticus
  • a. mesenterica superior below pancreas
  • a. suprarenalis media (2) → adrenal glands
  • a. renalis (2) at L2 → a. suprarenalis inf.
  • a. testicularis/ovarica (2) → spermatic cord/ovaries
  • a. mesenterica inferior above bifurcatio aortae

​end branches

  • a. sacralis mediana on sacrum → (5) a. lumbalis
  • a. iliaca communis at L4 → a. iliaca int./ext.
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3
Q

List the branches of truncus coeliacus.

What does it supply?

A

⇒ supplies upper abdominal organs

  • a. gastrica sin. → anastomosis with a. gastrica dex. in curvatura minor
  • a. hepatica communis
  • a. splenica
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4
Q

List the branches of a. hepatica communis

→ 2nd generation

A
  • a. hepatica propria → liver
    • a. cystica → gall bladder
    • a. gastrica dex. → anastomosis with a. gastrica sin. in curvatura minor
  • a. gastroduodenalis
    • a. gastroomentalis dex. → anastomosis with a. gastroomentalis sin. in curvatura major
    • a. pancreaticoduodenalis sup. ant./post. → LESSER RIOLAN anastomosis with inf. ant./post.
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5
Q

List the branches of a. splenica.

A
  • ​​rr. pancreatici + a. pancreatica dorsalis → corpus/tail of pancreas
  • a. gastroomentalis sin. → anastomosis with a. gastroomentalis dex. in curvatura major
  • aa. gastrici breves → cardia/fundus of stomach
  • rr. splenici → spleen
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6
Q

List the branches of a. mesenterica superior.

What does it supply?

A

⇒ supplies distal duodenum, entire small intestine, large intestine until 2/3 of colon transversum

  • a. pancreaticoduodenalis inf.
    • ant./post. → LESSER RIOLAN anastomosis with a. pancreaticoduodenalis sup. ant./post.
  • 4-5 aa. jejunales + 12 aa. ileales → jejunum, ileum
  • a. colica media → GREATER RIOLAN anastomosis with a. colica sin.
  • a. colica dextra → colon ascendens
  • a. ileocolica
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7
Q

List the branches of a. ileocolica.

A
  • r. colicus → colon ascendens
  • r. ilealis → ileum
  • a. appendicularis → appendix vermiformis
  • a. caecalis ant./post. → cecum
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8
Q

List the branches of a. mesenterica inferior.

What does it supply?

A

⇒ supplies left colon

  • a. colica sin. → GREATER RIOLAN anastomosis with a. colica media → colon descendens
  • aa. sigmoideae → SUDECK anastomosis with a. rectalis sup. → colon sigmoideum
  • a. rectalis sup. → cf. aa. sigmoidea → upper part of rectum, corpus cavernosum recti
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9
Q

Where are important arterial anastomoses in the abdominal cavity?

A
  • LESSER RIOLAN anastomosis: truncus coeliacus + a. mesenterica sup. via aa. pancreaticoduodenales
  • GREATER RIOLAN anastomosis: a. mesenterica sup./inf. via a. colica med./sin.
  • SUDECK anastomosis: anastomosis btw a. rectalis sup. + a. sigmoidea
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10
Q

1 - 5/6

A

1) pars abdominalis aortae
2) r. oesophagealis
3) truncus coeliacus
4) a. gastrica sin.

5+6) aa. gastricae breves

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11
Q

7 - 11

A

7) a. splenica
8) a. gastroomentalis sin.
9) a. pancreatica magna
10) a. caudae pancreatis
11) a. gastroomentalis dex.

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12
Q

12 - 16

A

12) a. splenica
13) a. gastrica dextra
14) a. hepatica communis
15) a. hepatica propria
16) a. cystica

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13
Q

17 - 21

A

17) a. gastroduodenalis
18) a. pancreatica dorsalis
19) a. supraduodenalis
20) a. pancreaticoduodenalis sup. post.
21) a. pancreaticoduodenalis sup. ant.

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14
Q

22 - 26/27

A

22) a. mesenterica sup.
23) a. pancreaticoduodenalis inf.
24) a. mesenterica inf.
25) a. colica sin.

26+27) aa. sigmoideae

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15
Q

28 - 32/33

A

28) a. rectalis inf.
29) a. rectalis sup.
30) a. colica med.
31) a. colica dex.

32+33) aa. jejunales

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16
Q

34 - 37

A

34) a. ileocolica

35+36) aa. ileales

37) a. appendicularis

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17
Q

List the tributaries of v. portae.

Where do they originate from?

A

⇒ receives blood from unpaired abdominal organs

  • v. cystica (from gall bladder)
  • vv. paraumbilicales (accompany lig. teres hepatis from abd. wall)
  • v. gastrica dex./sin. (from stomach)
  • v. pylorica (from pylorus)
  • v. pancreaticoduodenalis sup. post. (from head of pancreas)
  • v. splenica (from spleen, parts of pancreas/stomach)
  • v. mesenterica superior (from duodenum, small intestine, parts of colon/stomach)
  • v. mesenterica inferior (from colon/rectum)
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18
Q

List the tributaries of v. splenica.

A
  • vv. gastricae breves (from fundus/upper part of curvatura major)
  • v. gastroomentalis sin.
  • v. gastrica posterior (not always)
  • vv. pancreaticae (esp. from tail of pancreas)
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19
Q

List the tributaries of v. mesenterica superior.

A
  • v. gastroomentalis dex. + vv. pancreaticoduodenales
  • vv. pancreaticae (from head + corpus of pancreas)
  • vv. jejunales, ileales
  • v. ileocolica
  • v. colica dextra
  • v. colica media
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20
Q

List the tributaries of v. mesenterica inferior.

A
  • v. colica sin.
  • v. sigmoidea
  • v. rectalis sup. (anastomosis with v. rectalis med./inf.)
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21
Q

List the portocaval anastomoses.

A
  • btw esophagus/cardia
  • around navel
  • at rectum
  • retroperitoneal
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22
Q

Which vessels from the portocaval anastomosis btw esophagus and cardia?

Which vv. belong to the portal, which to the caval system?

Why is it clinically relevant?

A

vv. gastricae (portal) + vv. esophageales (caval) → v. azygos/v. hemiazygos → v. cava superior

⇒ can cause esophageal varices

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23
Q

Which vessels from the portocaval anastomosis around the navel?

Why is it clinically relevant?

A

vv. paraumbilicales → v. epigastrica sup./inf. → v. thoracoepigastrica/v. epigastrica superficialis → v. cava superior

⇒ can cause caput medusae syndrome

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24
Q

Which vessels form the portocaval anastomosis at the rectum?

Which vv. belong to the portal, which to the caval system?

Why is it clinically relevant?

A

v. rectalis sup. (portal) + v. rectalis med./inf. (caval) → v. iliaca int. → v. cava inferior

⇒ can cause hemorrhages

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25
Q

Give an example for a retroperitoneal portocaval anastomosis.

A

ex: v. mesenterica inf. + v. testicularis/ovarica → v. cava inf.

26
Q

1 - 5/6

What is the clinical importance of 5/6?

A

1) v. azygos
2) v. hemiazygos
3) v. portae hepatis
4) v. hepatica

5+6) plexus venosus submucosus → site for esophageal varices

27
Q

7/8 - 12

A

7+8) vv. oesophageae

9) v. phrenica inf.
10) v. gastrica inf.
11) v. splenica
12) v. renalis sin.

28
Q

13 - 17

A

13) v. testicularis/ovarica
14) v. mesenterica inf.
15) v. mesenterica sup.
16) v. colica sup.
17) v. sigmoidea

29
Q

18 - 22

What is the clinical importance of 20?

A

18) v. cava inf.
19) v. rectalis sup.
20) v. paraumbilicalis → site for caput medusae syndrome
21) v. epigastrica superificalis
22) v. iliaca communis

30
Q

23 - 25/26

What is the clinical importance of 25/26?

A

23) v. epigastrica inf.
24) v. iliaca int.

25+26) vv. rectales inf. → site of hemorrhages

31
Q

List the parietal branches of a. iliaca interna.

What do they supply?

A

5 parietal branches ⇒ supply mm. of hip, pelvic diaphragm, external genitals, proximal adductors

  • a. iliolumbalis cf. own flashcard
  • aa. sacrales laterales
    • ​rr. spinales → sacral canal, anastomose w/ a. sacralis mediana
  • a. obturatoria w/ n. obturatorius through canalis obturatorius cf. own flashcard
  • a. glutea superior through foramen piriforme → glutes
  • a. glutea inferior through foramen infrapiriforme → m. gluteus maximus
32
Q

List the branches of a. ileolumbalis

A
  • r. iliacus → m. iliacus, anastomoses w/ a. circumflexa ilium profunda
  • r. lumbalis → m. psoas + m. quadratus lumborum, anastomoses w/ a. lumbalis r. spinalis
33
Q

List the branches of a. obturatoria

A
  • r. pubicus → anastomoses w/ a. epigastrica inf.
  • r. anterior → symphysis + adductors, anastomoses w/ a. circumflexa femoris medialis
  • r. posterior → glutes + tuber ischiadicum
  • r. acetabularis → through incisura acetabula into lig. capitis femoris + head of femur
34
Q

List the visceral branches of a. iliaca interna.

What do they supply?

A

6 visceral branches ⇒ supply the pelvic organs

  • a. umbilicalis
  • a. vesicalis inferior → fundus of urinary bladder, prostate gland + seminal vesicles/ vagina
  • a. uterina
  • a. vaginalis
  • a. rectalis media → branches at ampulla recti
  • a. pudenda interna through foramen infrapiriforme + ischiadicum minus to side of fossa ischioanalis into canalis pudendalis (= ALCOCK canal)
35
Q

List the branches of a. umbilicalis

A
  • distal part obliterates to lig. umbilicale mediale
  • proximal:
    • aa. vesicales superiores → apex of urinary bladder
    • a. ductus deferentis
36
Q

List the branches of a. uterina

A
  • rr. vaginales
  • r. ovaricus anastomoses w/ a. ovarica (from aorta)
  • r. tubarius
  • rr. helicini → uterus
37
Q

List the branches of a. pudenda interna.

A
  • a. rectalis inferior → anus, anastomoses w/ a. rectalis media
  • a. perinealis
    • rr. scrotales/labiales posteriores
  • a. bulbi penis/vestibuli → bulbus of corpus spongiosum penis
  • a. profunda penis/clitoridis → corpora cavernosa
  • a. dorsalis penis/clitoridis → penis clitoris
38
Q

What is a corona mortis?

A

corona mortis (= crown of death) exists if anastomosis btw a. obturatoria + a. epigastrica inf. originates entirely from a. epigastrica inf. / a. iliaca ext.

⇒ used to lead to fatal bleedings in surgeries of inguinal hernias

39
Q

Where should intramuscular injections in the m. gluteus medius be done?

A

upper lateral quadrant to avoid accidental intravascular injection

40
Q

Which venous plexuses are formed by v. iliaca int.?

Clinical relevance?

A
  • plexus in lesser pelvis
  • plexus venosus rectalis: connection to v. portae (cf. hemorrhages)
  • plexus venosus vesicalis: on fundus of urinary bladder, in connection w/ plexus venosus rectalis + prostaticus/uterinus + vaginalis
  • plexus venosus uterinus + vaginalis surround uterus + vagina
  • plexus venosus prostaticus: incorporates v. dorsalis profunda penis, anastomoses to venous vertebral plexuses
    ⇒ often metastases in vertebral column in case of prostate carcinomas
41
Q

List the branches of a. iliaca externa.

A

medial to m. iliopsoas under lig. inguinale to lacuna vasorum

  • a. epigastrica inf.: anastomoses w/ a. epigastrica sup.
  • a. circumflexa ilium profunda: anastomoses w/ r. iliacus of a. iliolumbalis
42
Q

List the branches of a. epigastrica inf.

A
  • r. pubicus: branch to symphysis, anastomoses w/ r. pubicus of a. obturatoria
  • a. cremasterica: through canalis inguinals → m. cremaster + coats of testes
  • a. lig. teretis uteri: (only in females) together w/ lig. teres uteri through canalis inguinalis
43
Q

List the branches of a. thoracica interna.

It is covered by which structures?

A

covered by fascia endothoracica + m. transversus thoracicus

  • rr. mediastinales: → sup. + ant. inf. mediastinum
  • rr. thymici
  • rr. bronchiales, rr. tracheales
  • a. pericardiophrenica: together w/ n. phrenicus btw pericardium + pleura → diaphragm
  • rr. perforantes → chest musc.
  • rr. intercostales ant. of intercostal spaces 1-6: anastomose w/ aa. intercostales post.

at level of 6th, 7th rib branch into:

  • a. musculophrenica → intercostal space 7-10 + diaphragm
  • a. epigastrica sup.: through trig. sternocostale to diaphragm, anastomoses w/ a. epigastrica inf. (collateral circulation to aorta)
44
Q

List the tributaries of v. cava inf.

A
  • ​vv. hepaticae (dex., intermed., sin., often truncus hepaticus sin.)
  • v. renalis sin. + dex.
    BUT: v. renalis sin. receives the next 3
  • v. suprarenalis dex.
  • v. testicularis/ovarica dex.
  • v. phrenica inf. dex.
  • v. sacralis mediana
  • vv. iliacae communes
45
Q

Which vessels form the v. cava sup.

A

collects blood from head, neck, arms, thorax + lumbal region

forms from vv. brachiocephalicae

46
Q

Which veins form v. brachiocephalica?

How is the structure called?

A
  • v. subclavia
  • v. jugularis int./

⇒ angulus venosus

47
Q

Which vessels drain into v. brachiocephalica?

A
  • v. thyroidea inf.
  • v. vertebralis
  • vv. throcicae int.
  • ​+ v. intercostalis suprema
    • vv. from thymus, pericardium, bronchi, trachea, esophagus, intercostal spaces
48
Q

Which vessels form v. jugularis ext.?

Which vessel drains into it?

Where does it drain into?

A

on m. sternocleidomastoideus

formed by:

  • v. occipitalis
  • v. auricularis post.

​receives:

  • v. jugularis ant. (from region around hyoid bone)

​→ v. subclavia/v. jugularis int.

49
Q

Which vessels drain into v. jugularis int.?

A
  • v. opthalmica sup.
  • v. facialis
  • plexus pterygoideus
  • vv. pharyngeales
  • v. lingualis
  • v. thyroidea sup./med.
  • v. sternocleidomastoidea
50
Q

Where does a. carotis branch into a. carotis ext. + int.?

What is important abt that spot?

A

in trigonum caroticum

here baroreceptors innervated by n. glossopharyngeus

51
Q

List all branches of a. carotis ext.

Mnemonic?

A

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

  • *S:** superior thyroid a. → thyroid
  • *A**: ascending pharyngeal a. → pharynx, dura mater
  • *L**: lingual a. → tongue
  • *F:** facial a. → tuba, lips, ext. nose
  • *O**: occipital a. → dura mater
  • *P**: posterior auricular a. → n. facialis
  • *M:** maxillary a. → own card
  • *S:** superficial temporal a. → parotid, ear, eyes
52
Q

Since a. maxillaris has A LOT of branches: how can it be subdivided?

A
  • pars mandibularis (5)
  • pars pterygoidea (4)
  • pars pterygopalatina (5)
53
Q

Which regions are supplied by pars mandibularis of a. maxillaris?

A

mandible, middle ear, lower jaw, dura mater

  • a. auricularis prof. → mandible
  • a. tympanica ant. → middle ear
  • a. alveolaris inf. → teeth + gingiva
  • a. meningea med. → dura mater
54
Q

Which regions are supplied by pars pterygoidea of a. maxillaris?

A

​mm. of mastication, cheeks

  • a. masseterica
  • aa. temporales ant./post.
  • rr. pterygoidei
  • a. buccalis
55
Q

Which regions are supplied by pars pterygopalatina of a. maxillaris?

A

teeth of upper jaw, palate, nasal cavity

  • a. alveolaris sup. post.
  • a. infraorbitalis
  • a. palatina descendens
  • a. canalis pterygoidei
  • a. sphenopalatina
56
Q

Where does a. subclavia originate from?

A
  • left: arcus aorticus
  • right: truncus brachiocephalicus
57
Q

What are the branches of a. subclavia?

A
  • a. vertebralis → parts of brain
  • a. thoracica int.
  • truncus thyrocervicalis
  • truncus costocervicalis
58
Q

List the branches of truncus thyrocervicalis.

A
  • a. thyroidea inf.
  • a. cervicalis asc.
  • a. transversa colli
  • r. prof.
  • r. sup.
  • a. suprascapularis
59
Q

Which branches are given off by truncus costocervicalis?

A
  • a. intercostalis suprema
  • a. cervicalis profunda
60
Q

Where do v. azygos and hemiazygos drain into?

Which structure is often also formed?

A

v. hemiazygos → v. azygos → v. brachiocephalica sin.
often: v. hemiazygos accessoria formed by v. intercostales (can drain into either of theim)

61
Q

Which vessels drain into v. azygos, hemiazygos resp.?

Also list 2nd generation.

A
  • vv. mediastinales (vv. oesophageales, bronchiales, pericardiacae)
  • vv. intercostales post. + r. dorsalis esp.
    • r. spinalis (spinal cord)
    • plexus venosus vertebrales ext. (covering vertebrae)

Anatomy II (13 decks)

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