Vertebrates - fish

Question 1

Chordate Characteristics

Answer 1

early development
notochord
post-anal tail
pharyngeal slits/clefts
dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Question 2

lancelets - invertebrate

Answer 2

marine suspension feeders
slightly swollen nerve cord tip rather than brain

Question 3

sea squirts/tunicates

Answer 3

tail muscles and notochord to swim until metamorphosis

Question 4

Vertebrates

Answer 4

clade of chordates
skull and backbone
backbone encloses nerve chord and takes over mechanics of notochord
neural crest cells- pluripotent - develop into various cell types

Question 5

Hagfish & Lampreys

Answer 5

only vertebrate w no jaw
no backbone, basal vertebrae
use notochord mechanically
lampreys suction and suck on other fish

Question 6

vertebrates w jaws (gnathostomes)

Answer 6

have jaws
also:
enlarged forebrains
enhanced smell &vision

Question 7

Chondrichthyes - sharks, rays

Answer 7

skeleton of cartilage some calcium
swift swimmers need to keep swimming to not sink sharks
carnivorous sharks - multiple rows of teeth
rays: bottom dwellers, eat molluscs &crustaceans
tail that is barbed/venomous

Question 8

ray-finned fish

Answer 8

operculum - thing that covers gills
swim bladder - floating
bony scales over skin, mucus reduces drag
external fertilization

Question 9

lobe-finned fish

Answer 9

lungfish, coelacanths, tetrapods
pectoral and pelvic fins w rod like bones

Question 10

fish rebouding

Answer 10

cod - many eggs, mature quickly
tuna - less eggs, mature slowly