Plant Response

Question 1

phototropism

Answer 1

plant movement in response to light

Question 2

heliotropism

Answer 2

sunflower movement to light

Question 3

photoreceptors

Answer 3

special molecules/pigments that allow plants to sense light

Question 4

blue light photoreceptors

Answer 4

slow stem growth when breaking the earth
trigger stomatal opening

Question 5

red and far red photoreceptors (phytochromes)

Answer 5

regulate seed germination and shade avoidance

Question 6

light switches - phytochrome pigments

Answer 6

exposure to red light converts the red pigments to far red
over night far red turns to red pigments

Question 7

far red (Pfr)

Answer 7

inhibits stem elongation
also: does internal clocks and flowering

Question 8

red (Pr)

Answer 8

helps stem elongation

Question 9

photoperiodism

Answer 9

response to specific night and day lengths such as flowering

Question 10

short day plants

Answer 10

flower late summer or winter

Question 11

long day plants

Answer 11

flower spring and summer

Question 12

day-neutral plants

Answer 12

flower when maturity is reached

Question 13

thermomorphogenesis

Answer 13

plant response to temperature

Question 14

optimal temps

Answer 14

there are optimal temps required for a plant to grow

Question 15

transpiration

Answer 15

how plants cool themselves
leaves are generally cooler that their environment if hot

Question 16

too much heat

Answer 16

closing of stomata
wilting

Question 17

heat shock proteins

Answer 17

produced to help protect other proteins from denaturing

Question 18

frost

Answer 18

can kill plants and limit distributions

Question 19

plant hardiness zones

Answer 19

defined by average winter temperature
determines what plants can live somewhere

Question 20

water frozen in plants

Answer 20

can pull water from cells
dehydration
crystals puncturing cells

Question 21

antifreeze proteins

Answer 21

inhibit growth and recrystalization of ice crytals
in some cold adapted plants

Question 22

thigotropism

Answer 22

growth in response to contact/touch

Question 23

sensitive plant

Answer 23

responds to stimulation by closing its leaves
(loss of turgot/pressure from cells on one side)

Question 24

electrical impulses (action potentials)

Answer 24

spread across leaf causing more movement

Question 25

venus fly-trap

Answer 25

closes modified leaves when stimulated

Question 26

plant defense

Answer 26

leaf surface wax, trichomes, bark

Question 27

chemical defense

Answer 27

secondary plant compounds deterrents to herbivores/pathogens source of drugs? epinephrine, alkaloids(caffeine)

Question 28

Two types of chemical defense

Answer 28

constitutive defense induced defense

Question 29

constitutive

Answer 29

secondary compounds that are already present all of the time costly

Question 30

induced

Answer 30

direct- damage induces the production of sec defensive compounds indirect- secondary compounds stimulate defense in other plants/animals

Question 31

indirect induced defence

Answer 31

secondary compounds stimulate defense in other plants cry for help- release of volatiles attractive to predators of herbivores