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7th grade science > VERTEBRATE UNIT > Flashcards

VERTEBRATE UNIT Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the Sponges characteristics

A

primitive multicellular animal

invertebrate animal

asymmetrical

no tissues or organs; cells digest food and
take in oxygen

filter feeder

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2
Q

what are the Cnidarians characteristics

A

Two different body plans (polyp, medusa).

Radial symmetry

Central hollow cavity

Tentacles with stinging cells (capture food,
defense)

Example:

Sea anemone, coral, hydra (polyp body
plan)

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3
Q

what are some WORM CHARACTERISTICS

A

long, narrow body without legs

bilateral symmetry

tissues, organs, organs systems present

first simple brain (bundle of nerve tissue)

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4
Q

Characteristics Roundworms (Nematoda)

A

First tube-like digestive system (mouth, anus)

cylindrical body

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5
Q

what are Segmented Worms (Annelida)

A

segmented, cylindrical body (series of rings
separated by grooves)

First tube-like digestive system (mouth, anus)

First nerve cord (pre-spinal cord)

First closed circulatory system

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6
Q

Mollusk Characteristics

A

soft body (unsegmented)

w/wo hard outer shell

mantle (covering internal organs & secretes shell)

foot

open circulatory system

Example: clams, oysters, scallops, snails,
mussels, squid, octopus, cuttlefish

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7
Q

Characteristics of Cephalopods

A

tentacles (modified foot)

swim by jet propulsion

with/without shell

nautilus: shell

squid/cuttlefish: tiny shell inside body

octopus: no shell

closed circulatory system

complex nervous system

large brain: intelligent
(squid, cuttlefish, nautilus, octopus)

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8
Q

Arthropod Characteristics

A

Hard outer covering (exoskeleton)

ex = outside; as in exit

function: protective armor & prevents from drying out

molting: shedding exoskeleton

Segmented body

Jointed appendages

legs: flexibility of movement

antenna: sense organ

Most diverse animal group (insects)

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9
Q

Characteristics of Crustaceans (C5)

A

2-3 body sections

5 (to 8) or more pairs of legs

2 pairs of antennae

Example: crab, lobster, crayfish, shrimp, pill
bug

Environment: mostly marine; few land

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10
Q

Characteristics of Arachnids (A24)

A

2 body sections

4 pairs of legs

no antennae

Example: spider, mite, tick, scorpion

Environment: land, dry areas, hot climates

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11
Q

Characteristics of
Millipedes & Centipedes

(CMN)

A

2 body sections (head & multi-segmented abdomen)

Many pairs of legs (40-60 pr legs)

1 pair of antennae

Centipede: 1 pair of legs per segment

Millipede: 2 pair of legs per segment

Environment: forest floor, moist, humid

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12
Q

Characteristics of Insects (I33W)

A

3 body sections

3 pair of legs

1 pair of antennae

wings

Most diverse arthropod group (in body shape
and mouthparts; adaptations for survival)

Example: moths, butterfly/caterpiller,
dragonfly, cockroach (350myr), bees, ants,
ladybug, mosquito, grasshopper, wasp

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13
Q

Characteristics of Insect Metamorphosis

A

Complete Metamorphosis: juvenile stages
(larva, pupa) look different from adult
stage.

Gradual Metamorphosis: juvenile stages
(nymph) are a miniature of the adult
stage.

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14
Q

Characteristics of
Echinoderm Characteristics

A

first internal endoskeleton

spiny skin

water vascular system (with tube feet)

limb regeneration

radial symmetry (5)

Environment: marine

Example: starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins,
sand dollars, sea cucumbers

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15
Q

Characteristics of Fish Characteristics

A

ectotherms (cold-blooded)

fins (movement)

scales

gills (respiration)

water lifestyle

mostly external fertilization

closed circulatory system

2-chamber heart (evolutionarily important)

oldest & largest vertebrate group

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16
Q

what are Reptile Characteristics

A

ectothermic: cold-blooded

lung, scales (cover skin)

3 chamber heart (except alligators 4 chambers)

First true land lifestyle

adaptations to conserve water: skin (with scales
for protection, prevents evaporation) kidneys
(concentrated urine-liquid waste), amniotic egg
(leathery shell with internal membranes)

internal fertilization

17
Q

what are Lizards & Snakes

A

overlapping scales

shed scaly skin

environment: warm

Lizards: 4 legs with clawed toes, tail, ears,
eyelids, 2 lungs; most carnivores; walk/run

Snakes: no legs, streamline body, no ears,
no eyelids, 1 lung; carnivores; slither by
muscle contractions.

18
Q

what are Turtles

A

shell (with ribs & backbone) made of
fused scales

beak

herbivores & carnivores

19
Q

what are Dinosaurs (extinct Reptiles)

A

earliest vertebrates with legs directly
beneath their bodies

Brachiosaurus walked on 4 legs

Tyrannosaurus rex ran on 2 legs

Ectotherms or First endotherms

First “care for young” behavior

20
Q

what are Bird Characteristics

A

endothermic: warm blooded (maintain constant body
temperature by food and feathers)

feathers

hollow bones

air sacs

First Major Group w/ 4 chamber heart
(prevents mixing of O2 rich and O2 poor blood)

eggs (hard shell)

“care for young” behavior (feed & protect until young able to fly)

21
Q

what are the Adaptation for Flight

A

hollow bones

wings

large chest muscles

feathers (2 types):

contour feathers- steering & flight

down feathers- trap heat & warmth

air sacs- connected to lungs to obtain more oxygen

22
Q

how do birds Bird Fly

A

Bird’s upward curved wing causes faster moving air above
wing (= lower pressure) and slower moving air below wing
(= higher pressure). As the bird moves through the air, the
high to low pressure results in an upward force called lift.
Lift results in flight.

23
Q

how do they Obtaining Food

A

Bills – tear, strainer

Crop - internal storage tank

Two part stomach:

Part 1: chemical breakdown

Part 2: gizzard- physical breakdown
with
stones (gastroliths)

24
Q

what are Origin of the Birds:

A

Birds are believed to be descended from
Archaeopteryx (a reptilian dinosaur with wings and feathers)

25
Q

what are Mammal Characteristics

A

endotherms – warm blooded

4 chamber heart

fur/hair

breast (mammary glands, milk)

“care for young” behavior

lungs with diaphragm

advanced nervous system (complex
brains for problem solving)

highly developed senses (large eyes, sonar,
smell sensitivity)

26
Q

what are Mammal Adaptations

A

Teeth Adaptations:

Incisors: cut

Canines: tear, slash

Molars: grind

Cold Environment Adaptations: to keep warm

Food (higher in calories, meat or fish)

Fur/hair

Fat

Movement Adaptations:

walk, run, hop, swing, glide,

swim (w/ flippers)

27
Q

what are the Three (3) Mammal Groups

A

Monotremes- lay eggs (primitive)

ex: spiny anteater, duck-billed platypus

Marsupials – partly developed young live in
a pouch.

ex: koala bear, kangaroo, opossum

Placental Mammals – develop inside
mothers body; diverse, subdivided
based
on eating and movement

ex: carnivores (eat meat), marine (swim), rodents
(gnaw), rabbits/hare (hop), trunk, insect eaters, toothless,
hoofed, flying (wing), primates (large brain)

28
Q

what is a species

A

TWO SIMILAR ORGANISMS (INDIVIDUALS) CAPABLE OF MATING (= SEX) AND PRODUCING A LIVING BABY (= FERTILE OFFSPRING).

SAME GENUS, DIFFERENT SPECIES = CLOSELY RELATED
DIFFERENT GENUS, SAME SPECIES = DISTANTLY RELATED

29
Q

what are Amphibian Characteristics

A

ectothermic: cold-blooded

juvenile life: water (gills),

movement: fins

1 loop circulatory system, 2 chamber heart, herbivores

adult life: land (lungs) but reproduce in water; thin, moist skin
movement: skeleton with muscle, leaping

2 loop circulatory system, 3 chamber heart, camouflage
carnivores

Example:

frog/toad, (loss of tail), external fertilization

salamander/newts (tail), internal fertilization

caecilians (no legs, no scales)

30
Q

difference between Alligators & Crocodiles

A

Largest living reptiles

Nocturnal carnivores

First living “care for young” behavior

Alligators: broad, rounded snout, few teeth
(mouth closed); max size: 15 ft, 1000 lbs

Crocodiles: tapered, pointed snout; pencil-like;
many teeth (mouth closed); max size: 17-20 ft,
2300 lbs

31
Q
A

7th grade science (9 decks)

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