blood and lymph Flashcards
Blood Composition:
plasma, red blood cells,
white blood cells, platelets; produced by the red
bone marrow.
Plasma:
liquid part; 90% water, 10% nutrients
(glucose, fat, vitamins, minerals), waste: “CO2,
water vapor”, proteins, chemical messengers.
Red Blood Cells:
carries oxygen to body cells; contains
hemoglobin (iron protein); lifespan 4 months; if blood bright red,
oxygen present, if blood dark red/brown, no oxygen present
White Blood Cells =
Immune System
White Blood Cells:
disease fighting cells; lifespan
months-years; specialized cells
Example:
Cells: alarm system (T-cells & B-cells)
Cells produce chemicals (antibodies) to fight invasion
Cells that attack the invaders
Platelets:
clot blood;
produces fibrin protein
Blood Type
: surface molecules found on
red blood cells
Rh Factor:
also surface molecules found
on red blood cells
If Rh +, have Rh factor
If RH -, don’t have RH factor
Blood Types:
A, B, AB, O; three allele types: A, B, O
Universal Receiver: AB
Universal Donor: O
Transfusion:
transfer of blood from one
organism to another organism; if blood
clumps, clogs capillaries, results in death
Lymphatic (Filtering) System:
cleans
and returns fluid to Circulatory System
Lymph:
contains water, glucose, white
blood cells
Lymph Nodes:
traps invaders
microorganisms (bacteria); node – “filter”
Arteries:
blood flows away from the heart;
3 cell layers, thick walled, under high blood
pressure
Veins:
blood flows towards the heart; Valves
prevent backflow due to low blood pressure;
3 cell layers, thin walled
Capillaries:
connect arterioles to veinuoles;
The site of capillaries/tissues is where
nutrient/waste exchange by diffusion takes
place; 1 cell layer
Capillary
(nutrient & waste)
Exchange with
Tissue (Body) Cells
Pulse:
expansion and relaxation of the artery
wall
Diffusion (osmosis):
movement of
molecules from an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration (through
membrane).
Blood Pressure:
caused by the contraction
of the heart’s ventricles. As blood moves away
from the heart, blood pressure decreases.
how many cells does the body have
theHuman body consists of 30-60 trillion
body cells
Respiratory System:
moves oxygen from
atmosphere to body cells; removes gaseous
waste (CO2 & water vapor)
Respiration:
is the chemical reaction:
Sugar + oxygen → energy + CO2 + water vapor
Breathing:
is the movement of air into and
out of the lungs.
Nose:
air enters through nostrils
Pharynx:
throat; shared with digestive
system
Larynx:
voice box; vocal cords
Trachea:
windpipe; tube from pharynx to
bronchus (lung)
Epiglottis:
trachea (windpipe) flap during
swallowing of food & liquids
Bronchi:
tube branches within lungs
Lung:
organ that transfers gases from the
environment (atmosphere) into or out of
the Circulatory System.
Alveoli:
grapelike structures at end of
bronchioles surrounded by capillaries.
Excretory System’s Gas Waste
Site of gas exchange (O2, CO2, H2Og)
in, out, out
Circulatory
(Cardiovascular)
System:
a tube
(transport) system
which carries
nutrients to body
cells and carries
away waste. Blood
moves through
these tubes
carrying nutrients
and waste as well
as contains cells
that fight disease.
Heart:
consists of four
(4) chambers that
pumps blood through
out body
Atria:
upper chambers
that receives blood
Ventricles:
lower
chambers that pumps
blood away from
heart.
RIGHT
VENTRICLE:
pumps
blood to LUNGS
** LEFT VENTRICLE:
pumps blood to
BODY (AORTA)
Valve (veins):
prevents backflow (due to
lower blood pressure)
Pacemaker:
sends out electrical signal to
heart; heart muscle contracts regularly.
Blood Vessels Types:
Arteries: carries blood AWAY from heart
Veins: carries blood to heart; has VALVES
Capillaries: tiny thread-like vessels for nutrient &
waste exchange between blood and body cells.
Excretory System:
collects and removes
waste; NO SHIT! I mean . . . YES, SHIT!
solids -
rectum of Digestive System
liquids -
kidneys of Urinary System
gases -
lungs of Respiratory System.
Urology:
the study of the urine and the
genitourinary tract in health and disease.
Proctology:
the branch of medicine concerned
with the anus and rectum.
Excretory Organs =
kidneys, lungs, skin
ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Kidneys:
organ which removes liquid waste from
the blood; a “filter”; humans have 2 kidneys
Urea:
breakdown of protein (yellow color)
Ureter:
tube which connects from kidneys to
urinary bladder.
Urinary Bladder:
saclike muscular organ which
stores urine.
Urethra:
tube which connects urinary bladder to
outside of body.
Kidney:
contain many nephrons; Each
nephron filters the blood. By the process
of osmosis (diffusion), urea and some
water is removed but sugar and much of
the water is returned to the blood
(reabsorption). The urine is then stored in
the urinary bladder for future removal from
the body.
