BODY SYSTEMS (INERH) UNIT Flashcards
Immune System
Infectious disease, pathogen, toxin,
antibody, antigen, phagocyte, lymphocyte,
T Cells, B cells, immune response, fever,
inflammatory response
Pathogens:
organisms that cause disease
Infectious disease:
a disease caused by a
foreign microorganism within the body.
Skin:
dead skin cells flake off removing
pathogens from body; outer epidermis acts as
a barrier too; rapid scabbing prevents
pathogen entry into body.
Breathing Passages:
Nose, mouth, throat
contains mucus and cilia trapping and
removing pathogens. Coughing/sneezing also
removes pathogens.
Mouth & Stomach:
saliva and stomach acid
can kill pathogens.
White Blood Cells (WBC):
are disease fighting cells.
There are many different types of WBC’s, each
having its own particular function. Phagocyte (WBC)
eat pathogens destroying them.
Inflammation:
increased blood flow (enlarges blood
vessels) bringing more WBC’s to affected area (red,
swollen, warmer).
Fever:
increasing body temperature fights infection;
pathogens do not grow/reproduce well at higher
temperatures.
Antigens:
unique surface marker molecules on pathogen.
Antibody:
molecular tag that attaches to antigen to recognize
as foreign.
Lymphocytes:
WBC’s that can distinguish between different
kinds of pathogens. Two types:
T-cells (Alarm, Attack):
specialized cell that recognizes
each kind of pathogen.T-cells multiply, then some attack
pathogen (“killer T-cells”) while others activate B – cells.
B-cells (Antibody “Tag” Factory):
specialized cells that
produce specialized antibodies (proteins) that tag the
pathogen for destruction. The antibody binds to the antigen
on the pathogen, marking it for destruction by the
phagocytes.
Immune System
Infectious disease, pathogen, toxin,
antibody, antigen, phagocyte, lymphocyte,
T Cells, B cells, immune response, fever,
inflammatory response
Nervous System
Stimulus, response, neuron, nerve impulse,
dendrites, axon, nerve fiber, nerve, sensory
neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, synapse,
reflex arc
Nervous System:
receives and responds to
information gotten both inside and outside of the
body; also helps to maintain homeostasis.
Stimulus:
an environmental signal that an
organism reacts to.
Response:
what the body does in reaction to a
stimulus.
Neuron (nerve cell):
specialized cell that carries
information; building block of Nervous System.
Nerve Impulse:
message/information being carried
Neuron:
consists of nucleus, axon and
dendrites.
Dendrites:
carries impulses toward the cell
body.
Endocrine System:
produces hormones
which controls/regulates organ & tissue
activities; regulates growth & development.
Hypothalamus (middle brain):
linked to
Nervous System; maintains Homeostasis &
control of pituitary gland.
Pituitary Gland:
growth, blood pressure,
water balance regulates; signals thyroid
gland to produce hormones.
Thyroid Gland:
produces hormones;
controls energy inside cell
Parathyroid:
regulates blood calcium.
Thymus:
helps immune system
development
Pancreas:
controls blood sugar
Adrenal (above kidneys):
triggers
adrenaline during emergency situations;
“fight or flight response”.
Ovaries:
triggers egg development
(estrogen); female sexual development
(progesterone).
Testes:
regulates sperm development;
male sexual development (testosterone)
Immune System
Infectious disease, pathogen, toxin, antibody, antigen, phagocyte,
lymphocyte, T Cells, B cells, immune response, fever, inflammatory
response
Nervous System
stimulus, response, neuron, nerve impulse, dendrites, axon, nerve fiber,
nerve, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, synapse, reflex arc,
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous
system, somatic nervous system, brain, spinal cord, cerebrum, cerebellum,
brain stem, concussion, stroke
Endocrine System
Hormones, Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal
gland, adrenaline, negative feedback loop, gigantism, dwarfism
Reproductive System
testes, scrotum, semen, penis, ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus,
vagina, ovulation, fertilization, zygote, embryo, fetus, menstrual
cycle
Male Reproductive System:
produces
sperm and hormone testosterone; consists
of testes, scrotum, penis.
Testes:
organ that produces sperm and
testosterone (which controls male physical
characteristics).
Scrotum:
: external pouch containing testes.
Semen:
mixture of sperm cells and fluids.
