BODY SYSTEMS (INERH) UNIT

Question 1

Immune System

Answer 1

Infectious disease, pathogen, toxin,
antibody, antigen, phagocyte, lymphocyte,

T Cells, B cells, immune response, fever,
inflammatory response

Question 2

Pathogens:

Answer 2

organisms that cause disease

Question 3

Infectious disease:

Answer 3

a disease caused by a
foreign microorganism within the body.

Question 4

Skin:

Answer 4

dead skin cells flake off removing
pathogens from body; outer epidermis acts as
a barrier too; rapid scabbing prevents
pathogen entry into body.

Question 5

Breathing Passages:

Answer 5

Nose, mouth, throat
contains mucus and cilia trapping and
removing pathogens. Coughing/sneezing also
removes pathogens.

Question 6

Mouth & Stomach:

Answer 6

saliva and stomach acid
can kill pathogens.

Question 7

White Blood Cells (WBC):

Answer 7

are disease fighting cells.
There are many different types of WBC’s, each
having its own particular function. Phagocyte (WBC)
eat pathogens destroying them.

Question 8

Inflammation:

Answer 8

increased blood flow (enlarges blood
vessels) bringing more WBC’s to affected area (red,
swollen, warmer).

Question 9

Fever:

Answer 9

increasing body temperature fights infection;
pathogens do not grow/reproduce well at higher
temperatures.

Question 10

Antigens:

Answer 10

unique surface marker molecules on pathogen.

Question 11

Antibody:

Answer 11

molecular tag that attaches to antigen to recognize
as foreign.

Question 12

Lymphocytes:

Answer 12

WBC’s that can distinguish between different
kinds of pathogens. Two types:

Question 13

T-cells (Alarm, Attack):

Answer 13

specialized cell that recognizes
each kind of pathogen.T-cells multiply, then some attack
pathogen (“killer T-cells”) while others activate B – cells.

Question 14

B-cells (Antibody “Tag” Factory):

Answer 14

specialized cells that
produce specialized antibodies (proteins) that tag the
pathogen for destruction. The antibody binds to the antigen
on the pathogen, marking it for destruction by the
phagocytes.

Question 15

Immune System

Answer 15

Infectious disease, pathogen, toxin,
antibody, antigen, phagocyte, lymphocyte,

T Cells, B cells, immune response, fever,
inflammatory response

Question 16

Nervous System

Answer 16

Stimulus, response, neuron, nerve impulse,
dendrites, axon, nerve fiber, nerve, sensory
neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, synapse,
reflex arc

Question 17

Nervous System:

Answer 17

receives and responds to
information gotten both inside and outside of the
body; also helps to maintain homeostasis.

Question 18

Stimulus:

Answer 18

an environmental signal that an
organism reacts to.

Question 19

Response:

Answer 19

what the body does in reaction to a
stimulus.

Question 20

Neuron (nerve cell):

Answer 20

specialized cell that carries
information; building block of Nervous System.

Question 21

Nerve Impulse:

Answer 21

message/information being carried

Question 22

Neuron:

Answer 22

consists of nucleus, axon and
dendrites.

Question 23

Dendrites:

Answer 23

carries impulses toward the cell
body.

Question 24

Endocrine System:

Answer 24

produces hormones
which controls/regulates organ & tissue
activities; regulates growth & development.

Question 25

Hypothalamus (middle brain):

Answer 25

linked to
Nervous System; maintains Homeostasis &
control of pituitary gland.

Question 26

Pituitary Gland:

Answer 26

growth, blood pressure,
water balance regulates; signals thyroid
gland to produce hormones.

Question 27

Thyroid Gland:

Answer 27

produces hormones;
controls energy inside cell

Question 28

Parathyroid:

Answer 28

regulates blood calcium.

Question 29

Thymus:

Answer 29

helps immune system
development

Question 30

Pancreas:

Answer 30

controls blood sugar

Question 31

Adrenal (above kidneys):

Answer 31

triggers
adrenaline during emergency situations;
“fight or flight response”.

Question 32

Ovaries:

Answer 32

triggers egg development
(estrogen); female sexual development
(progesterone).

Question 33

Testes:

Answer 33

regulates sperm development;
male sexual development (testosterone)

Question 34

Immune System

Answer 34

Infectious disease, pathogen, toxin, antibody, antigen, phagocyte,
lymphocyte, T Cells, B cells, immune response, fever, inflammatory
response

Question 35

Nervous System

Answer 35

stimulus, response, neuron, nerve impulse, dendrites, axon, nerve fiber,
nerve, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, synapse, reflex arc,
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous
system, somatic nervous system, brain, spinal cord, cerebrum, cerebellum,
brain stem, concussion, stroke

Question 36

Endocrine System

Answer 36

Hormones, Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal
gland, adrenaline, negative feedback loop, gigantism, dwarfism

Question 37

Reproductive System

Answer 37

testes, scrotum, semen, penis, ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus,
vagina, ovulation, fertilization, zygote, embryo, fetus, menstrual
cycle

Question 38

Male Reproductive System:

Answer 38

produces
sperm and hormone testosterone; consists
of testes, scrotum, penis.

Question 39

Testes:

Answer 39

organ that produces sperm and
testosterone (which controls male physical
characteristics).

Question 40

Scrotum:

Answer 40

: external pouch containing testes.

Question 41

Semen:

Answer 41

mixture of sperm cells and fluids.