Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, etc - Severson Flashcards
What is kyphosis and lordosis?
kyphosis - development of a humped back, loss of superior curvature in spine Lordosis - The inferior section of the spine has an extreme curvature outward
Name a couple unique aspects of the two most superior vertebrae:
Trasnverse foramen are not found as you continue inferiorly Extremely small vertebral body Small spinous process axis - has the dens, a large bony protuberance
The illiocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis are deep muscle of the back. This means they are innervated by what branch of their respective spinal nerves?
dorsal rami This question is worded a little weird, you should just remember this.
What are the veins that supply the spinal cord and vertebrae? One interesting feature?
The internal veinous plexus They are valveless!
Where is the spinal cord CSF located?
The subarachnoid space
What holds together the dura and pia mater to stablize the spinal cord?
Denticulate ligaments
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end?
About L2
What is the fluid-filled sac called the holds CSF as well as the cauda equida.
The lumbar cistern Thats where spinal taps are done
What is that long fiber that keeps extending after the caus medularis?
Filum terminale AKA internal terminal filum
Where do the spinal nerves exist the vertebral column in relation to the vertebrae?
spinal nerve L2 exits directly UNDER vertebrae L2
Break down the simple structure of an intervertebral disc:
Its made up of fibrocartilage The annulus fibrosus - The outermost covering of the disc, made of dense irregular connective tissue Nucleus pulposus - Jelly-like substance forming the core of the disc, what is extruded in herniated discs
How do you determine needle placement for lumbar spinal puncture of pelvic anesthesia?
The line through the iliac crests, called the supracristal plane is used to find the L4 vertebrae. The needle can then be inserted between L3 and L4 to sample CSF or inject medication.
L4 and L5 are common herniated discs, what are the symptoms that go along with these herniations?
L4 disc - Places pressure on L5 spinal nerve causing pain in the back and lower extremity to the dorsum of the feet. L5 disc - places pressure on the S1 spinal nerve causing pain in the lower back and lower extremity and the lateral side of the foot.
What nerves originate from the region of the spinal cord to which the black arrow points?
Sacral nerves, and coccygeal nerve
The structure to which the arrow points is a continuation of what meningeal layer?
Pia mater!
Where to do the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments sit?
Located on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies
Describe the anomalies of sacralization fo the 5th lumbar
AND
Lumbarization of the 1st sacral
Sacralization of the 5th vertebrae happens congenitally when L5 fuses to the sacrum
Lumbarization of the 1st sacral happens when the 1st scaral vertebrae fails to fuse with the rest of the sacrum
What is spinal stenosis?
narrowing of the spinal column that causes pressure on the spinal cord or narrowing of the openings for spinal nerves
What is the ligament often involved in whiplash injury?
Crush/compression fratures?
WHIPLASH: anterior longitudinal ligament (This ligament is designed to limit hyperextension)
CRUSH: posterior longitudinal ligament or interspinous ligaments
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
Sprain - stretch or tear of a ligament
Strain - stretch or tear of a muscle
What is spondylolysis?
fracture of anterarticular portion of the vertebra
