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Spinal Exam 1 > Vertebral Column/Spinal Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column/Spinal Column Flashcards

1
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in a typical adolescent?

A

33 segments

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2
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in a typical adult?

A

26 segments

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3
Q

What constitutes the spine?

A

The 24 presacral segments; the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

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4
Q

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

The ant bear and the three-toed sloth

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5
Q

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

The manatee and two-toed sloth

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6
Q

What does the term “cervical” refer to?

A

The region of the neck

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7
Q

What does the term “thoracic” refer to?

A

Breast plate or chest; it referred to the armor bearing region of the torso

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8
Q

What other term is often used to identify the vertebral segments of the chest?

A

The dorsal segments; the dorsals

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9
Q

What does the term “lumbar” refer to?

A

The loin; the region between the rib and the hip

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10
Q

What does the term “sacrum” refer to?

A

The holy bone or holy region

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11
Q

What does the term “coccyx” refer to?

A

A cuckoo birds’ bill or cuckoo birds’ beak

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12
Q

What is the length of a typical male spinal column?

A

About 70 cm or 28 in

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13
Q

What is the length of a typical female spinal column?

A

About 60 cm or 25 in

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14
Q

What is the length difference between a typical male and typical female spinal column?

A

about 3 in

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15
Q

What is the length of the male cervical region?

A

about 12 cm or 5 in.

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16
Q

What is the length of the male thoracic region?

A

About 28 cm or 11 in

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17
Q

What is the length of the male lumbar region?

A

About 18cm or 7 in

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18
Q

What is the length of the male sacrum?

A

About 12 cm or 5 in

19
Q

Based on the numbers for individual regions of the vertebral column, what is the length of the male spine?

A

About 58 cm or 23 in.

20
Q

How does the vertebral column participate in skeletal formation?

A

Ribs are formed from the costal process of the embryonic vertebral template.

21
Q

What levels of the vertebral column specifically accommodate weigh-bearing transfer?

A

S1-S3 at the auricular surface.

22
Q

What is specifically responsible for shape and position of the human frame?

A

Comparative anterior vs. posterior height of the vertebral body and comparative anterior vs. posterior height of the intervertebral disc.

23
Q

What organs is specifically associated with the horizontal axis of the skull?

A

The eye and the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear.

24
Q

Invagination of ectoderm along the primitive streak gives rise to what embryonic structure?

A

Notochord

25
Q

What is the name given to the mesoderm that will give rise to the vertebral column?

A

Paraxial mesoderm.

26
Q

Name the areas of cellular differentiation formed within the somite.

A

sclerotome, myotome, dermatome

27
Q

What are the names of the successive vertebral columns formed during development?

A

membranous, cartilaginous, skeletal/osseous

28
Q

Migration of a somite pair to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature?

A

The perichordal blastema

29
Q

The perichordal blastema gives rise to what processes?

A

the neural processes and costal processes

30
Q

What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastema?

A

Intersegmental artery

31
Q

What forms between the sclerotomites of a perichordal blastema?

A

The intrasclerotomal fissure of von Ebner

32
Q

The intrasclerotomal fissure of von Ebner gives rise to what developmental feature?

A

The perichordal disc

33
Q

The union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loose cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blastemae gives rise to what feature?

A

The vertebral blastema

34
Q

What vessel will be identified adjacent to the vertebral blastema?

A

The segmental artery

35
Q

When will cartilage first form in the membranous vertebral blastema?

A

Beginning in the 6th embryonic week

36
Q

What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage?

A

Chondrification

37
Q

How many centers of chondrification typically appear in the vertebral blastema?

A

Six

  • 2 for the centrum
  • 2 for the neural arches
  • 2 for each transverse process
38
Q

What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebrae?

A

During the 7th embryonic week

39
Q

What is the name given to centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

A

Primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth

40
Q

What is the ratio of primary to secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

3 primary centers

5 secondary centers

41
Q

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

Centrum centers and neural arch centers

42
Q

What are the names/locations of the five secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

tip of the transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers

43
Q

What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of typical vertebra?

A

During puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old.

Spinal Exam 1 (7 decks)

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