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Spinal Exam 1 > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What term is used to identify the study of ligaments?

A

Syndesmology

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2
Q

What are the three histological classifications of joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial fluid

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3
Q

Which classification of synarthrosis joints implies a bond condition?

A

Syndesmosis

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4
Q

What is the classification of a joint held together with cartilage?

A

Synchondrosis

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5
Q

What is the classification of a joint formed by a growth condition?

A

Symphysis

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6
Q

What are the two subclassifications of amphiarthrosis joints based on Latin groupings?

A

Synchondrosis, Symphisis

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7
Q

What are the Latin subclassifications of diarthrosis joints?

A

Arthrodia, ginglumus, trochoid, condylar/bicondylar, ellipsoidal, sellar and cotyloid (spheroidal or enarthrosis)

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8
Q

What is the classification of a plane or gliding synovial joint?

A

Arthrodia

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9
Q

What is the classification of a hinge type synovial joint?

A

Ginglymus

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10
Q

What is the classification of a pivot type synovial joint?

A

Trochoid

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11
Q

What is the classification of a knuckle type synovial joint?

A

Condylar or Bicondylar

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12
Q

What is the classification of an oval-like synovial joint?

A

Ellipsoidal

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13
Q

What is the classification of a ball and socket synovial joint?

A

Cotyloid, spheroidal or enarthrosis

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14
Q

The ligamentous sacro-iliac joints are examples of which joint classification?

A

Syndesmosis

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15
Q

What are examples of a permanent (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?

A

Costochondral joints of the first sternochondral joint

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of a (amphiarthrosis) symphysis?

A

limited motion, median plane location, support ligaments both anterior and posterior to the joint, more permanent in longevity than synchondrosis and they occur between developing by endochondral ossification

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17
Q

Which examples of a (amphiarthrosis) symphysis is temporary?

A

Symphysis menti

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18
Q

What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

A

Articular/Fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid.

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of the type 1 articular receptors?

A

Located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule, resemble Ruffini endings, most numerous in cervical zygapophyses and they monitor the joint “at rest”.

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of Type 2 articular receptors?

A

Located in deeper strata of the fibrous capsule, resemble Pacinian corpuscles, most numerous in the cervical spine and monitor the joint during normal ROM.

21
Q

What are the characteristics of type 3 articular receptors?

A

Present in collateral and intrinsic ligamens, resemble Golgi Tendon organs, not initially observed along the vertebral column and monitor extreme joint movement.

22
Q

What is the function of type 4 articular receptors?

A

nociceptive, they monitor pain

23
Q

Type 4b articular receptors would be present in what locations?

A

Accessory ligaments in general, dense in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine.

24
Q

What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?

A

1) Synovial Villi
2) Articular fat pads or Haversian glands
3) Synovial menisci and intra-articular discs

25
Q

Articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?

A

Lumbar zygapophyses

26
Q

Intra-articular discs are a feature of what joints examples?

A

Temporomanidbular, sternoclavicular, arcromioclavicular and radio-ulnar joints.

27
Q

Synovial menisci are a feature of what joint examples?

A

Femur-tibia articulation, cervical zygapophyses and Lumbar zygapophyses.

28
Q

What are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?

A

Are phagocytic

29
Q

What is the specific function of type B synovial cells?

A

secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid

30
Q

Which collagen fiber type predominates in articular cartilage?

A

Type 2

31
Q

What is the primary function of bound GAGs in articular cartilage?

A

Form a network for water retention.

32
Q

What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?

A

Cartilage can deform and return to original volume rapidly, a time independent property.

33
Q

What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?

A

Cartilage can deform but returns to original volume slowly, a time dependent property.

34
Q

Which theory of joint lubrication implies a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial fluid?

A

Weeping theory

35
Q

Which theory of joint lubrication implies water loss form the synovial fluid increases viscosity of the remaining synovial fluid?

A

Boosted Theory

36
Q

Which theory of joint lubrication implies and ADSORBTION of lubricant onto cartilage surfaces is responsible for the low-friction observed during movement?

A

Boundary Theory

37
Q

What are the properties of synovial fluid?

A

it is yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline and tastes salty.

38
Q

Which substance in synovial fluid was first thought to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?

A

Hyaluronate

39
Q

What substance in synovial fluid has been PROPOSED to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?

A

Lubricin

40
Q

What is a complex synovial joint (diarthrosis)?

A

Within the simple joint or the compound joint, the articulating surfaces are separated by an articular disc (intra-articular disc) or meniscus.

41
Q

What morphological classification of synovial joints is classified as nonaxial?

A

Plane (diarthrosis arthrodial)

42
Q

What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as uniaxial?

A
  • Hinge (diarthrosis ginglymus)

- Pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)

43
Q

What morphological classification of synovial joint would be classified as biaxial?

A
  • (diarthrosis) bicondylar
  • (diarthrosis) condylar
  • (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal
  • saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
44
Q

What morphological classification of synovial joints would be classified as multiaxial?

A

-Ball and Socket (diarthrosis enarthrosis)
-(diarthrosis spheroidal)
-(diarthrosis cotyloid)
These are all classifications given to the same type of joint.

45
Q

What are the examples of synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints?

A

Median atlanto-axial joint and proximal radio-ulnar joint.

46
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis condylar or diarthrosis bicondylar joints?

A

temporomandibular joint and femur-tibia joint of the knee.

47
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis ellipsoidal joints?

A

Radiocarpal joint of the wrist, metacarpo-phalangeal joints of the foot and the atlanto-occipital joint of the vertebral column.

48
Q

What are examples of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joints?

A

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, talocrural joint of the ankle and the calcaneocuboid joint of the foot.

49
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis cotyloid joints?

A

Femur-acetabulum of the innominate articulation at the hip and the humerus- glenoid cavity of the scapula articulation at the shoulder.

Spinal Exam 1 (7 decks)

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