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Spinal Exam 1 > General Organization of Vertebra and Blood Supply > Flashcards

General Organization of Vertebra and Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spin?

A

Cervical: Rectangular
Thoracic: Triangular
Lumbar: Reniform (Kidney Shaped)

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2
Q

What is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

A

Superior epiphyseal rim, inferior epiphyseal rim

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3
Q

What is the name given to the intermediate part of the vertebral arch where the transverse process and articular processes attach?

A

The lamina-pedicle junction

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4
Q

What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical: Posterolateral
Thoracic: Posterior, slightly lateral
Lumbar: Posterior

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5
Q

What ligament will attach to the lamina?

A

The ligamentum flavum

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6
Q

What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum?

A

Para-articular process

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7
Q

What classification of bone will para-articular process represent?

A

Accessory bone

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8
Q

What is the name given to the overlap of LAMINAE seen on an X-ray?

A

Shingling

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9
Q

What is the name given to the lamina-pedicle junction at the region of the spine?

A

Cervical: Articular pillar

Thoracic and Lumbar: pars interaticularis

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10
Q

What is the name given to the junction of the vertebral arch - spinus process on lateral X-ray?

A

The spinolaminar junction

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11
Q

What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical: Anterolateral
Thoracic: Posterolateral
Lumbar: Lateral

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12
Q

All non-rib bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature?

A

The costal element

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13
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?

A

Cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

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14
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

A

The growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward.

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15
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between the articular facets of a vertebral couple?

A

The zygapophysis

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16
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum.

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17
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The INFERIOR vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

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18
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The SUPERIOR vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

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19
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc and the posterior longitudinal ligament.

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20
Q

What is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/spinous apophysis?

A

Calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/spinous apophysis and the horizontal plane.

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21
Q

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on X-ray?

A

imbrication

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22
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process/spinous apophysis at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical: Slight angle inferiorly
Thoracic: Noticeable angle inferiorly
Lumbar: No inferior angle

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23
Q

What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column?

A

Cervical: Triangular
Thoracic: Oval
Lumbar: Triangular
Sacrum: Triangular

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24
Q

At what vertebral level will the spinal cord typically terminate?

A

L1

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25
Q

At what vertebral level will the dural sac typically terminate?

A

S2

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26
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the cervical spine?

A

The vertebral artery, ascending cervical artery and deep cervical artery

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27
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?

A

The deep cervical artery, superior (highest) intercostal artery, posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery

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28
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the lumbar spine?

A

The lumbar arteries, iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and median (middle) sacral artery

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29
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the fifth lumbar vertebra?

A

The iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and median (middle) sacral artery

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30
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the sacrum?

A

The iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and medial (middle) sacral artery

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31
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the vertebral artery?

A

C1-C6

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32
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the ascending cervical artery?

A

C1-C6

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33
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the deep cervical artery?

A

C7-T1

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34
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the superior (highest) intercostal artery?

A

T1, T2

35
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the posterior intercostal artery?

A

T3-T11

36
Q

What segmental level(s) is/are supplied by the subcostal artery?

A

T12

37
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the lumbar arteries?

A

L1-L4

38
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the median (middle) sacral artery?

A

L5, S1-S5 and Coccyx

39
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the iliolumbar artery?

A

L5, S1-S5 and Coccyx

40
Q

Which vertebra has the greatest number of segmental arteries associated with it?

A

L5

41
Q

What are the segmental arteries for L5?

A

Iliolumbar artery, median (middle) sacral artery and lateral sacral artery

42
Q

What branch of the segmental arty supplies the vertebra and the paravertebral region?

A

Dorsospinal Artery

43
Q

Which artery is primarily observed in the distal part of the intervertebral foramen?

A

Spinal Artery

44
Q

Which branch of the dorsospinal artery will penetrate the meniges to enter subarachnoid space?

A

Spinal artery

45
Q

What are the branches of the spinal artery?

A

Osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery, anterior medullary feeder arter, posterior medullary feeder artery, anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery

46
Q

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the the epidural space?

A

Osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery

47
Q

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Anterior spinal canal artery and plexus

48
Q

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?

A

Posterior spinal canal artery and plexus

49
Q

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the subarachnoid space?

A

Anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery

50
Q

Which vessel will supply the ventral/anterior nerve rootlet and nerve root?

A

Anterior Radicular artery

51
Q

Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve rootlets, nerve root and nerve root ganglion?

A

Posterior radicular artery

52
Q

Which artery is now said to enlarge and form the medullary feeder artery?

A

The radicular artery

53
Q

What is the location and number of medullary feeder arteries present in the adult?

A

9 anterior and 12 posterior medullary feeder arteries

54
Q

What is the name given to the artery that lies in front of the spinal cord along its length?

A

Anterior spinal artery

55
Q

Is the anterior spinal artery a single, continuous artery along the spinal cord?

A

NO

56
Q

As the anterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

A

Anterior medullary feeder arteries

57
Q

The posterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?

A

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery

58
Q

What is the position of the posterior spinal artery relative to the spinal cord?

A

It lies in the posterolateral sulcus along the spinal cord

59
Q

Is the posterior spinal artery a single, continuous artery along the spinal cord?

A

NO

60
Q

As the posterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unites along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

A

Posterior medullary feeder arteries

61
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona above C3?

A

Right and left anterior spinal arteries, right and left posterior spinal arteries and 4 communicating arteries

62
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona below C6?

A

A median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries and 3 communicating arteries

63
Q

What is the generic name given to the arteries that penetrate the spinal cord?

A

Intramedullary arteries

64
Q

What are the intramedullary branches of the arterial vasa corona?

A

Pial perforating arteries, central/ventral/sulcal/perforating arteries

65
Q

What arterial vasa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord?

A

ventral/central/sulcal perforating arteries

66
Q

What intramedullary branches supply about one third of the spinal cord?

A

Pial perforating arteries

67
Q

What is the source for pial perforating arteries?

A

The pial plexus

68
Q

What is the primary artery supplementing the arterial vasa corona?

A

Anterior medullary feeders and posterior medullary feeders

69
Q

What vessels drain the spinal cord?

A

Pial veins

70
Q

What will pial veins drain into?

A

Venous vasa corona

71
Q

Which vessels form the venous vasa corona?

A

Right and left anterior longitudinal veins, right and left posterior longitudinal veins and 4 communicating veins

72
Q

Which vessels will drain the venous vasa corona?

A

anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins

73
Q

What vessel will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion?

A

Posterior radicular veins

74
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus

75
Q

What venous vessels are identified in the intervertebral foramen?

A

Intervertebral veins

76
Q

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord (spinal medulla or medulla spinalis).

A

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

77
Q

What is the name given to the fluid within the epidural space?

A

Interstitial fluid

78
Q

Which menigeal space is now thought to be a potential space not an actual space?

A

subdural space - between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

79
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space are most likely located near or around the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Anterior spinal canal artery & plexus
Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
Basivertebral vein
Recurrent meningeal/Sinu-Vertebral/Sinus vertebral nerve
Hofmann/anterior dural/ meningovertebral ligaments

80
Q

What is the name given to the fluid present within the subdural space?

A

Serous fluid

81
Q

What is the name given tot the fluid with the subarachnoid space?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

82
Q

What is the name given to the lateral extension of pia mater along the spinal cord?

A

Dentate (denticulate) ligament

83
Q

What is the unique feature of veins along the spinal canal?

A

They lack the bicuspid valve of typical veins.

Spinal Exam 1 (7 decks)

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