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Gross Anatomy > Vertebral Column + Muscles > Flashcards

Vertebral Column + Muscles Flashcards

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2
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What’s the curvature of each spine? Include primary and secondary curavtures

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(1o) Primary Curvatures: Thoracic, Sacral
Present at birth, don’t change. Kypoheses

(1o) Primary Curvatures:Thoracic, Sacral
Present at birth, don’t change. Lordosis

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Atlas C1

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Axis C2

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6
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Cervical Vertebrae (C4-C7)

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7
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Thoracic Vertebrae

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Lumbar Vertebrae

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Sacrum

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12
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What do intrinsic back muscles do?
Name superficial, intermediate, and deep muscles of the back

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Intrinsic back muscles move the vertebral column

Superficial– Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis
Intermediate- Erector Spinae
Deep- Transversospinalis (semispinalis,
multifidus, and rotatores)

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13
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14
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Splenius muscle origin, insertion, nerve supply, and main actions

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Origin= Arises from nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3 and T4-T6

Insertion=
Splenius capitis= inserts superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of a superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Splenius cervicis= tubercles of transverse process of C1- C3 or C4 vertebrae

Nervse Supply= Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Main Actions= laterally flex neck when working alone, when together it extends head and neck

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15
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Parts of erector spinae

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16
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Erector spinae muscle origin, insertion, nerve supply, and main actions
Illiocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
I LIKE STANDING

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Origin- arises by broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous, and supraspinous ligaments

Insertion:
Illiocostalis= fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes
Longissiumus= fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes
Spinalis= fibers run superioly to spinous processes in upper thoracic region and to cranium

Nervse supply= posterior rami of spinal nerves

Main Actions = acts bilaterally extend vertebral column and head

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17
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Transversospinalis Muscle Group (Deep Back Muscles)

What muscles?

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Semispinalis- capitis, cervicis, thoracis

Multifidus
Rotatores

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18
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Multifidus Origin, insertion and action

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19
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Rotatores origin, insertion, and action

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transversospinalis muscles are contralateral!

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20
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Rotatores

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22
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Transverospinalis Origin, Insertion, action

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The muscle proximal attachment (origin) is a vertebral transverse process; the distal attachment (insertion) is a spinous process— hence the name: transversospinalis

The muscle fiber direction is in a lateral to medial direction in the transversospinalis group–
This is the opposite of the fiber direction for erector spinae

These muscles act as rotators of the vertebral column: rotation of the vertebral body (trunk) to the opposite side (contralateral rotation)

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23
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Whats the nerve supply for all intrinsic back muscles?

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dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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24
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what does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

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Limits extension, all other limit flexion

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27
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Where does the nuchal ligament run ?

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The nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae) is a prominent band running from the occipital bone of the skull (external occipital protuberance) across the tips of cervical spinous processes

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32
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Intervertebral disc tissue contains high levels of what?

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The intervertebral disc tissue contains high levels of the macromolecule proteoglycan

Proteoglycans bind very readily to water

So IV discs allow the vertebral column to adapt to forces—acting like shock absorbers

This is one reason we are taller when we get out of bed in the morning; and lose height during the day

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33
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What forces can intervertebral discs withstand and cant withstand?

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Intervertebral discs can withstand compressive and tensile forces OK; but cannot withstand shear forces very well

Discs experience shear forces during rotation of the vertebral column

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35
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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) location and function

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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is found within the subarachnoid space

CSF bathes the spinal cord, and cushions it against forces experienced by the vertebral column

35
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Where do interverebral disc herniations occur? Where are they most common?

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Intervertebral disc herniations may occur in all regions of the vertebral column (except sacral); but they are especially common in the lumbar region and also the cervical region

The lumbar region experiences the greatest forces.
The limit to rotation in the lumbar region provided by the alignment of the articular facets may help to lower the risk of disc injury

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35
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Why do most intervertebral disc herniations occur in a posterolateral direction?

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36
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Uncus joint is a common site of what ?

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Uncovertebral joints are a common site of bone spur formation- may be associated with neck pain

37
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Whats a spinal cord segment?

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Spinal Cord Segment: A portion of the spinal cord giving rise to the roots of spinal nerves.

38
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Where do dorsal rami and ventral rami supply?

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Dorsal (posterior) rami—travel towards the posterior surface of the body—motor nerves supply intrinsic back muscles; sensory nerves supply the skin of the back . Dorsal root contains axons of sensory nerves

Ventral rami supply structures located anterior to vertebral bodies— motor nerves to trunk muscles, extremity muscles, sensory nerves to skin, etc.
VEntral contains axons of sensory nerves

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40
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All cervical nerves are directly above their vertebrae. (1st cervical nerve is above C1 vertebrae)

All other nerves are directly below the vertebrae. (1st thoracic spinal nerve is directly below T1)

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41
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What happens during the fetal period of pregnancy?

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During the fetal period, the vertebral column grows faster than the spinal cord

42
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How far does the dural sac extend?

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The dural sac (and subarachnoid space) extends as far as S2

42
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Where does the adult spinal cord normally end?

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The adult spinal cord normally ends between L1 and L2 vertebral bodies

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44
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Lumbar cistern?

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The space between the medullary cone and the termination of the dural sac

45
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CSF may be safely drawn from the lumbar cistern by lumbar puncture (spinal tap)

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46
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What is dermatome?

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the area of skin supplied by the dorsal root of a single spinal nerve

46
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What does the ventral rami do in each region of vertebrae?

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In the thoracic region- ventral rami travel to the ventral body surface (as intercostal nerves)

In the cervical and lumbar/sacral region– ventral rami form a nerve plexus (plexus= network) to supply the muscles and skin of the extremities
Brachial plexus- upper extremity
Lumbosacral plexus-lower extremity

47
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What is myotome?

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Myotome: the skeletal muscles innervated by the ventral root of a spinal nerve

48
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What arteries supply 1/3 of the cross sectional area of spinal cord, 2/3?

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50
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Trapezius

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Origin= medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberence

Insertion= lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Innervation= CN XI

Main action= elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula

51
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Platysma

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Superior attachment= inferior border of mandible, skin

Inferior attachment= fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and detloid musles

Innervation= Cranial branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Main actions= draws corners of mouth inferioly and widens it for expressions of sadness and fright

52
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Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

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Superior attachment= lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone

Inferior attachment= sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium

Innervation= spinal accessory nerve CN XI; motor)

Main actions= unilateral contraction: tilts head to same side (lateral flexion) and rotates it

53
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Suprahyoid Muscles (Mylohoid, Geniohyoid, Stylohyoid, Digastric

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Myolohoid:
Origin= myolohoid line of mandible
Insertion= Mylohoid raphe and body of hyoid
Innervation= nerve to myolohoid
Main actions= elevates hyoid, floor of mouth during swallowing and speaking

Geniohyoid=
Origin= inferior mental spine of mandible

54
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Infrahyoid muscles (Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

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Gross Anatomy (7 decks)

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