Quiz 2 Slides

Question 1

What does the carotid sinus contain? carotid body?

Answer 1

carotid sinus contains baroreceptors to detect blood pressure

Carotid body contains chemoreceptors to detect blood oxygen levels

Question 2

Deep fascia of neck consist of 3 layers, describe them

Answer 2

Deep fascia of the neck consists of 3 layers:
Investing: Surrounds entire neck deep to skin; encloses SCM and trapezius
Pretracheal: Muscular part encloses infrahyoid muscles; visceral part encloses thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus
Prevertebral fascia: Covers vertebral column; prevertebral muscles (longus colli, longus capitis, scalenes)

Question 3

What are the flexors of cervical vertebrae?

Answer 3

-SCM
-Scalanes- anterior, middle, posterior
-Prevertebral muscles

Question 4

What are the prevertebral muscles?

Answer 4

-Longus Colli
-Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis

Question 5

What are the parts of the Longus Colli

Answer 5

Inferior part: Bodies of T1-T3 to transverse processes of C5-C6
Vertical Part: bodies of C5-T3 to bodies of C2-C4
Superior part: transverse processes of C3-C5 to anterior arch of atlas

Question 6

Actions of longus Colli? Innveration?

Answer 6

Bilateral action: flexion of neck
Unilateral action: lateral flexion; rotation of neck to opposite side

Innervation: ventral rami of C2-C6

Question 7

Longus capitis Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation?

Answer 7

Origin: transverse processes of C3-C6 Insertion: Occipital bone
Action: Flexion of head and neck (bilateral) Lateral flexion of head and neck (unilateral)
Innervation: ventral rami of C1-C3

Question 8

What are the two small muscles that help to hold the head upright?

Answer 8

Rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis

Question 9

Rectus capitis anterior action and innervation?

Answer 9

Action: flexion of head at atlantooccpitial joint (bilateral)
Lateral flexion of head (unilateral)

Innervation: Ventral rami of C1-C2

Question 10

Rectus capitis lateralis action and innervation

Answer 10

Action: lateral flexion of the head
Innervation: ventral rami of c1-c2

Question 11

external intercostal origin, insertion, action, innervation blood supply

Answer 11

Origin: inferior border of ribs
Insertion: Superior border of rib below
Muscle fibers run infero-anteriorly
Action: Elevates ribs (inspiration)
Innervation: Intercostal nerve (ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerve)
Blood supply: Intercostal artery, vein

Question 12

Internal intercostal origin, insertion, action, innervation?
Innermost intercostal?

Answer 12

Origin: inferior border of ribs
Insertion: Superior border of rib below
Muscle fibers run infero-posteriorly
Action: Depresses ribs (expiration)
Innervation: Intercostal nerve

Innermost intercostal: Same as internal intercostal

Question 13

Explanation of intercostal muscles relating to the intercostal space

Answer 13

There not a continous sheet of muscle in the intercostal space. They end as a muscle and continue as transparent intercostal membrane

Question 14

Where do external intercostal muscles begin, end, continue and attach

Answer 14

The external intercostal muscles go from tubercles of ribs as far as the mid-clavicular line. They continue as external intercostal membrane to attach to the sternum

Question 15

Where do internal intercostal muscles begin, end, and contintue + attach

Answer 15

The internal intercostal muscles begin as muscle at the sternum and end at the costal angle. They continue as internal intercostal membrane to attach to the tubercles of ribs

Question 16

What do the intercostal muscles support?

Answer 16

The intercostal muscles support the intercostal space and stiffen the rib cage so that more powerful muscles of respiration (like the diaphragm) can act effectively

Question 17

Transversus thoracis Origin, insertion, action

Answer 17

Origin= posterior surface of lower sternum
Insertion= internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6
Action= weakly depresses ribs

Question 18

Subcostal Origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 18

Origin= internal surface of lower ribs near their angles
Insertion= superior border of 2nd or 3rd ribs below
Innervation= intercostal nerve
Action= same manner as internal intercostal muscles

Question 19

Levatores costarum Origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 19

origin= transversre processes of t7-t11
Insertion= subjacent ribs between tubercle and angle
Innervation= posterior rami of c8-t11 nerves
Actiion= elevates ribs

Question 20

Serratus posterior superior origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 20

Origin= nuchal ligament, spinous process of c7-t3 vertebrae
Insertion= superior borders of 2-4 ribs
INnervation= 2nd-5th intercostal nerves
Action= elevates ribs

Question 21

Serratus posterior superior origin, insertion, action, innervation

Answer 21

origin= spinous processes of t11-L2 vertebrae
insertion= inferior border of 8th-12th ribs near their angles
Innervation= 9th-11th intercostal nerves
action= depresses ribs

Question 22

Pectoralis major medial attachment, lateral attachment, innervation, action

Answer 22

medial attachment= clavicular head and stemocostal head
Lateral attachment= lateral lip of intertubercular groove
Innervation= lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Action= Adducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anterioly and inferioly

Question 23

Pectoralis minor medial attachment, lateral attachment ,innveration, action

Answer 23

Medial attachment= 3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Lateral attachment= medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
Innervation= medial pectoral nerve
Action= stabilizes scapula by drawing inferioly and anterioly

Question 24

where are the mammary glands located?

Answer 24

The mammary glands are located on the surface of the deep fascia on pectoralis major in females

Question 25

What can the abundant lymphatic vessels help with?

Answer 25

The abundant lymphatic vessels and nodes near the breast may aid in metastasis of tumor cells in breast cancer

Question 26

Whats a radical mastectomy?

Answer 26

Radical mastectomy - removal of tumor, breast tissue, nearby lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels, pectoralis major and minor muscles

Question 27

What can altered lymphatic drainage result in?

Answer 27

Lymphedema

Question 28