Intro

Question 1

For any region in body know each part of
Bones
Joints
Muscles
Blood Supply
Pathology

Answer 1

Bones (notable features)
Joints (structure/movements allowed)
Muscles (bone attachments: origin, insertion,
muscle innervation, action)
Blood supply (major vessels)
Pathology (how does the anatomy contribute?)

Question 2

Bilateral
Unilateral
Ipsilateral
Contralateral

Answer 2

Bilateral- Both sides
Unilateral- One side
Ipsilateral- Same side
Contralateral- Opposite side

Question 3

Terms of Movement
-Flexion/Extension
-Abduction/Adduction
-Rotation
-Circumduction
-Medial Rotation/Lateral Rotation
-Elevation/Depression
-Pronation/Supination
-Protrusion/Retrusion
-Protraction/Retraction
See Fig. 1.5; 9th ed Moore

Answer 3

Flexion/Extension= flexion is bending or decreasing the angle, extension is straightening or increasing angle (typically found in saggital plane and transverse axis)
-Abduction/Adduction= abduction is moving away from the median plane , adduction is moving towards it
-Rotation= turning over revolving apart of the body around its longitudinal axis
-Circumduction= circular movement that involves sequential flexion, abduction, extension and adduction in such a way the distal end of the part moves in a circle
-Medial Rotation/Lateral Rotation- medial rotation brings the anterior surface of a limb closer to the median plane, and lateral rotation takes the anterior surface away from the median plane
-Elevation/Depression- elevation raises or moves a part superiorly (ex. elevating the shoulders when shrugging). Depression lowers or moves a part inferiorly (ex. pulling the tongue away from the palate)
-Pronation/Supination= pronation rotates radius medially so that the palm faces posteriorly and its dorsum faces anteriorly, supination is the opposite rotational movement, rotating radius laterally and uncrossing it from the ulna
-Protrusion/Retrusion= protrusion is a movement anteriorly as in protruding the mandible, lips or tongue
-Protraction/Retraction=causes shoulders to move anteriorly or posteriorly

Question 4

Fibrous Joints
2) Cartilaginous Joints
3) Synovial Joints

Answer 4

Fibrous Joints=
Sutures (of the Skull)
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis

2) Cartilaginous Joints
Primary cartilaginous joints
- epiphyseal plate
Secondary cartilaginous joints
- symphysis
(pubic,intervertebral disks)

Patty Hates Sore Cool People Biting
Plane= Uniaxial, allows rotational movement (c1 and c2)
-Hinge= Uniaxial, allows flexion and extension (knee, elbow)
-Saddle= biaxial allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements movements (first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb)
-Condyloid= biaxial joint, allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction. and circumduction movements. (radiocarpal joint of wrist)
-Pivot= multiaxial joint, allows inervsion/eversion, or flexion/extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral columm ( intertarsal joints of foot)
-Ball and Socket= multiaxial joint, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumducton, and medial/lateral rotation movments (shoulder and hip joints)