Vertebral Column - General Flashcards
Vertebra
singular
vertebrae
multiple
axial skeleton
vertebral column and rib cage
appendicular skeleton
girdle and limbs
the skull meets the spine where?
occipital bone via the occipital condyle
The vertebral column is composed of a series of _________ bones
unpaired bones
Cervical vertebrae # (all species)
7
Thoracic vertebrae carnivores
12-14
lumbar vertebrae carnivores
6-7
sacral vertebrae carnivores
3
caudal vertebrae carnivores
20-23
Which section of vertabrae shows a large variation among species?
caudal vertebrae
functions of vertebral column
provides attachment for ribs and back muscle, supports trunk, carries skull, protects spinal cord
flexion is the contraction of what muscle
hypaxial
extension is the contraction of what muscle
epaxial
What are the different regions of the vertebrae?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal
What kind of bone is the vertabrae?
irregular
each vertebral body has what?
convex cranial and concave caudal extremity
the vertebral body is covered by what?
hyaline cartilage
what is in between adjacent vertebra?
intervertebral fibrocartilaginous discs
the ventral surface carries the ______. And _____ in size in different regions.
ventral crest, varies
Where does the spinal cord pass through?
vertebral foramen
vertebral arch over the dorsal surface of the vertebral body
vertebral foramen
Each vertebral arch is made up of two ______ and a _______.
two lateral pedicles, a dorsal plate
What forms the vertebral canal?
vertebral foramina
two or more vertebral foramen
vertebral canal
the diameter of there vertebral column is the greatest where?
C1 and C2
What is the diameter trend in the vertebral column?
largest at C1/C2, decreases, increases at T1, decreases, increases at L1, gradually decreases at CY1
what process is found at the mid dorsal line of the vertebral arch?
spinous process
what processes is found cranial and caudal to the root of the spinous process?
4 articular processes
what processes project laterally from the base of the vertebral arch?
2 transverse processes
what processes are found between the transverse and cranial articular processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebra?
2 mammilary processes
1
cranial articular process
2
mammilary process
3
vertebral arch
4
cranial vertebral notch
5
vertebral foramen
6
cranial extremity
7
hemal arch
8
ventral crest
9
vertebral body
10
caudal extremity
11
transverse process
12
caudal vertebral notch
13
accessory process
14
caudal articular process
15
spinous process
What surface is on the cranial/caudal articular process?
articular surface (articular foveae)
Dog Vertebral Formula
C7, T13, L7, S3, Cy20-24
toughest joint of vertebrae
fibrocartilaginous
most abundant cartilage type
hyaline
what is found between each vertebra
annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus
consistency of nucleus pulposus
jelly like
Why are cats more flexible?
intervertebral discs made of elastic cartilage, no supraspinous ligament, no supra tuberous ligament, extra lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
