Intro Terminology Week 1 Flashcards
Dorsal
toward the back of the trunk
Ventral
toward the belly
Cranial
toward the head
Caudal
toward the tail
Rostral
toward the muzzle
Medial
toward the median plane
Lateral
toward the side of the animal
Proximal
toward the junction with the body
Distal
greater distance from the junction of the body
Palmar
toward the rear in forelimb
Plantar
toward the rear in the hindlimb
Axial
directed toward the longitudinal central axis of a limb
abaxial
directed away from the longitudinal central axis of a limb
median plane
divides body into symmetrical right and left halves
sagittal plane
parallel to median plane
other name for sagittal plane
longitudinal
Dorsal plane
Parallel to the back (head, neck, trunk, tail)
transverse plane
transect the trunk, head, limb, or other appendage perpendicular to its own long axis
another name for transverse plane
axial
Flexion
the movement of one bone in relation to another, the angle formed at the joint is reduced, limb retracted
Extension
the movement of one bone upon another, the angle formed at the joint is increased, limb is extended
Abduction
the movement of a part away from the median plane
adduction
the movement of a part toward the median plane
supination
lateral rotation of the appendage so that the palmar or plantar surface of the paw faces medially
pronation
medial rotation of the appendage from the supine position so that the palmar or plantar surface will face the substrate
long bones
longer than they are wide and have a shaft and two ends
ossa longa
short bones
same width and length, cube like shape (cuboidal)
ossa brevia
flat bones
thin and relatively broad bones that are found where extensive protection of organs is required or where broad surfaces of muscle attachment are required
ossa plana
irregular bones
complex shapes
ossa irregularia
sesamoid bones
small, flat bones, shaped like a sesame seed
sutural bone
small, flat, irregularly shaped bones
splanchnic
organs in abdominal cavity
long bone example
femur, tibia, ulna, radius
short bone example
carpal, tarsal
flat bone example
sternum, ribs, scapulae, roof of skull
irregular bone example
vertebrae, hip, several skull bones
sesamoid bone example
develop inside tendons, i.e. patella, fabella
sutural bone example
between flat bones of the skull
splanchnic example
stomach, small/large intestine, pancreas, spleen, liver, kidney
Anatomy
study of shape, weight, color, texture, and relative position of various organs and tissues of the organisms when they are in a state of normal health
Surface anatomy
The observation of the intact body at rest and in action
Endoscopy
The observation of some parts of the living body, such as stomach or knee joint, by means of special instruments
Applications for studying anatomy
Surface anatomy, endoscopy, dissection, organ imaging
Topographical anatomy
The anatomy of one part in relation to other parts of the body
gross anatomy
The study of structures that can be dissected and observed with the unaided eye
comparative anatomy
The study of comparison of the structures of animals and it forms the basis of their classification
Neuroanatomy
Deals with connections of cells with central nervous system
Histology
The study of organization of minute structures, too small to be seen without a microscope, into complex tissue and organs
Cytology
Study of minute structures in even greater detail, with the help of an electron microscope
Applied anatomy (clinical anatomy)
The practical application of a normal structural study in relation to diagnosis and treatment of pathology or surgical condition
Anatomical position
Body is assumed to be standing, feet together, head and eyes facing toward, palms of the hand facing downward
Circumduction
Circular motion
How does the spine move?
Extends dorsally (like halloween cat) and flexes ventrally (horse getting back scratched)
another name for dorsal plane
horizontal, frontal
Splanchnic Bone example
Os penis (dog), Os rostri (pig), Os opticus (avaian)
dorsal recumbency
laying on the back
ventral recumbency
laying on the belly
lateral recumbency
laying on the side
pneumatic bones example
maxilla - filled with air
ossa pneumatica
Head yes motion
extends/flexes
head no motion
rotates
Osteology
description of the skelton
arthrology
description of the joints
myology
description of the muscles
splanchnology
description of the viscera (digestive, respiratory, urinary, genital)
angiology
description of the organs of circulation
neurology
description of the nervous system
aesthesiology
description of the sense organs and common integument
