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MSK Week 1 > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

what vertebrae does the SC travel through?

A

base of skull to about L2

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2
Q

what developmental issue causes the need for long spinal nerves at the base of the SC?

A

vertebral column grows faster than SC so the SC is forced higher and nerve roots have to lengthen to get to their corresponding foramen

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3
Q

what two sections of the SC have longer nerve roots?

A

lumbar and sacral/coccygeal

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4
Q

what is the collection on nerve roots around L2 that hosts the nerve roots for the rest of the SC?

A

cauda equina

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5
Q

what is the cauda equina?

A

collection of nerve roots in inferior portion of the SC

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6
Q

what is the end of the SC called that tapers off?

A

conus medularis

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7
Q

what is the filum terminale?

A

a vestigial remnant of the caudal spinal cord that was the tail

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8
Q

what are the two portions of the filum terminale?

A

internal and external

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9
Q

what is the role of the internal filum terminale? where does it extend to?

A

extends from conus medullaris to the dural sac

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10
Q

what is the role of the external filum terminale? where does it extend to?

A

extends from tip of dural sac to sacrum/coccyx and helps anchor the SC

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11
Q

where is the tip of the SC?

A

L1 or L2

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12
Q

where are the two enlargements of the SC?

A

cervical and lumbosacral

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13
Q

why are there enlargements of the SC at the cervical and lumbosacral places?

A

because there are extra neurons for innervation of the extremities

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14
Q

how many cervical nerves are there?

A

8

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15
Q

do cervical nerves traverse above or below their respective vertebral body?

A

superior to it

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16
Q

where does C8 nerve travel through?

A

C7 and T1

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17
Q

other than cervical nerves, where do other spinal nerves traverse their respective vertebra?

A

inferior to the body

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18
Q

what is the name of the membranes that surround the SC?

A

spinal meninges

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19
Q

name the three spinal meninges

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia matter

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20
Q

what is the outermost membrane of the SC?

A

dura mater

21
Q

what does the dura mater do to protect the spinal nerves as they go out of the SC?

A

extends laterally into the intervertebral foramina to form dorsal sleeves

22
Q

what is the intermediate layer of the membranes around the SC?

A

arachnoid mater

23
Q

what is the innermost layer of the spinal meninges?

A

pia mater

24
Q

where does CSF lye in the spinal meninges?

A

the subarachnoid space

25
Q

what are the denticulate ligaments? where do they originate from?

A

lateral extensions of the pia mater between dorsal and ventral roots

26
Q

what is the role of the denticulate ligaments?

A

help anchor the cord laterally

27
Q

what lies between the dura mater and the vertebral canal edges?

A

epidural space

28
Q

what is within the epidural space?

A

adipose tissue and internal venous plexus

29
Q

what are the two components that give arterial supply to the SC?

A

vertical/longitudinal and horizontal

30
Q

name the three vertical/longitudinal arteries

A

an anterior spinal artery

two posterior spinal arteries

31
Q

what arteries help communicate and feed the SC along with the vertical arteries?

A

segmental/horizontal

32
Q

how many segmental/medullary arteries are there?

A

about 8-10

33
Q

where do segmental arteries enter the SC?

A

intervertebral foramen

34
Q

name the largest segmental artery of the SC

A

great anterior segmental artery…artery of adamkiewicz

35
Q

the artery of adamkiewicz usually arise from what side? and supplies where on the SC?

A

arises from the left (intercostal artery) and supplies the inferior 2/3 of the SC

36
Q

describe the venous drainage into the internal epidural venous plexus

A

from both the anterior and posterior spinal veins into the epidural venous plexus

37
Q

what does the internal epidural plexus connect with? describe the flow

A

connects to the external venous plexus through the basivertebral veins..

38
Q

what do the basivertebral veins drain? where are they located?

A

drain the vertebrae…located in the body of vertebrae

39
Q

how are the interconnecting vertebral venous plexuses connected? what does this allow?

A

without valves…so blood can flow up or down

40
Q

what is another name for the interconnecting vertebral venous plexus

A

Batsons plexus

41
Q

what other sites doe batsons or vertebral venous plexus communicate blood with?

A

cranial cavity
pelvic veins
posterior thoracic wall

42
Q

what do the connections that Batsons plexus has allow for?

A

potentially metastes

43
Q

what three ligaments in order do you go through for a spinal tap?

A

supraspinous
interspinous
ligamentum flavum

44
Q

name the six tissues in order to get to the subarachnoid space

A 
skin
supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament
ligamentum flavum
epidural space
dura mater
arachnoid mater
45
Q

what does the posterior longitudinal ligament have that allows for herniated discs?

A

lateral portions that dont cover or support the entire part of the disc

46
Q

with a herniated disc, what portion of the disc is protruding?

A

nucleus pulposus

47
Q

where do disc herniations usually occur?

A

posterolaterally where anulus is think and poorly supported by the posterior longitudinal ligament

48
Q

what two sites do 95% of herniated discs occur at

A

L4/L5 and L5/S1

49
Q

if you have herniated disc at L4/L5, which nerve root will be impinged? what is this trend?

A

L5..anytime you have herniation between two vertebrae the higher number vertebrae will be the nerve that gets impinged

MSK Week 1 (7 decks)

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