Vertebral Column

Question 1

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

12

Question 3

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 3

5

Question 4

how many sacral vertebrae are there?

Answer 4

5

Question 5

how many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

which vertebrae have a transverse foramen? why?

Answer 6

cervical vertebrae for the vertebral artery

Question 7

what vertebrae have motions associated with them?

Answer 7

cervical 7
thoracic 12
lumbar 5
total of 24

Question 8

name the four curvatures of the SC

Answer 8

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral

Question 9

which curvatures are primary and which are secondary?

Answer 9

cervical and lumbar are secondary

thoracic and sacral are primary

Question 10

do primary curvatures shape out or in?

Answer 10

primary shape out and secondary shape in

Question 11

name the three abnormal curvature shapes in the SC

Answer 11

kyphosis
lordosis
scoliosis

Question 12

describe the issue in kyphosis

Answer 12

accentuated thoracic curvature…called hunchback

Question 13

describe the change to curvature in lordosis

Answer 13

accentuated lumbar curvature

Question 14

what is the change in scoliosis?

Answer 14

abnormal lateral curvature and rotation of vertebral column

Question 15

what two things make up the vertebral arch?

Answer 15

pedicles and laminae

Question 16

which of pedicles or laminae articulate with the body of a vertebrae?

Answer 16

pedicles

Question 17

how many processes do vertbrae have?

Answer 17

7

Question 18

name the seven processes

Answer 18

four articular processes
two transverse processes
one spinous process

Question 19

what two things make up a facet joint in the column?

Answer 19

between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae

Question 20

what type of joint is a facet joint?

Answer 20

synovial

Question 21

what lies between the bodies of two vertebrae?

Answer 21

intervertebral discs

Question 22

what are intervertebral discs made of? function?

Answer 22

cartilage for weight bearing and strength

Question 23

what is the pars intra articularis?

Answer 23

bony strut between the superior and inferior articular process

Question 24

what are the two parts of the intervertebral disc?

Answer 24

anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

Question 25

what is the role of the anulus fibrosus in the IV discs?

Answer 25

concentric layers of cartilage that adheres to the vertebral bodies

Question 26

what is the role of the nucleus pulposus in the IV discs?

Answer 26

gelatinous mass that serves as shock absorber

Question 27

what do spinal nerves pass through when coming out of the spinal cord?

Answer 27

intervertebral foramen

Question 28

what two portions of the VC does most movement occur in ?

Answer 28

cervical and lumbar regions

Question 29

name the two locations that are most prone to fracture in the spinal column

Answer 29

cervicothoracic jxn | thoracolumbar jxn

Question 30

why are the cervicothoracic jxn and the thoracolumbar jxn prone to fractures?

Answer 30

because the cervical and lumbar move a lot but the thoracic do not so you get a lot of stress at these junctions

Question 31

what plane are cervical facet joints in? what motion does this allow?

Answer 31

transverse plane multiaxial motion

Question 32

what plane are thoracic facet joints in? what motion does this allow?

Answer 32

frontal plane..minimal motion, but mainly rotational

Question 33

what plane are lumbar facet joints in? what motion does this allow?

Answer 33

sagittal plane...allows flexion and extension

Question 34

what is the first cervical vert calles?

Answer 34

atlas

Question 35

what is the second cervical vert called?

Answer 35

axis

Question 36

the superior facets of the atlas articulate with what?

Answer 36

occipital condyles

Question 37

what is the shape of the atlas?

Answer 37

ring shaped bone

Question 38

what is the distinguishing feature of the axis?

Answer 38

tooth like process called the dens

Question 39

what is the atlantooccipital joint?

Answer 39

joint between the atlas and occipital condyles

Question 40

what movement does the atlantoccipital joint allow?

Answer 40

in sagittal plane...shaking head yes

Question 41

what is a common name for the fracture of the atlas? when does this happen?

Answer 41

jeffersons fracture commonly from diving accidents

Question 42

name the three joints between the atlas and axis

Answer 42

median atlantoaxial joint | two lateral atlantoaxial joints

Question 43

what is the median atlantoaxial joint between?

Answer 43

dens of C2 and anterior arch of C1

Question 44

atalantoaxial joints allow movement in what plane?

Answer 44

transverse...shaking head no

Question 45

how many cervical spinal nerves are there?

Answer 45

8

Question 46

how many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

Answer 46

12

Question 47

how many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

Answer 47

5

Question 48

how many sacral spinal nerves are there?

Answer 48

5

Question 49

how many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

Answer 49

1

Question 50

what are the two roots of spinal nerves?

Answer 50

ventral and dorsal

Question 51

what does ventral roots contain?

Answer 51

axons of somatic motor efferent nerves

Question 52

what do dorsal roots contain?

Answer 52

axons of somatic sensory afferent nerves

Question 53

is info going to or from the SC in the ventral root?

Answer 53

from

Question 54

is info going to or from the SC in the dorsal root?

Answer 54

to

Question 55

what do the roots combine to form?

Answer 55

the spinal nerve

Question 56

what does the spinal nerve then divide into?

Answer 56

ventral and dorsal ramus

Question 57

what does the dorsal ramus contain?

Answer 57

nerve axons to and from the muscles of the back and overlying skin on back

Question 58

what does the ventral ramus do/contain?

Answer 58

nerve axons to and from the body wall and the upper and lower limbs

Question 59

where does dorsal ramus send and receive info from

Answer 59

back muscles and skin on back

Question 60

where does ventral ramus send and receive info?

Answer 60

body wall and limbs

Question 61

what is another name for the dens of C2?

Answer 61

odontoid process

Question 62

name the five ligaments of the VC

Answer 62

``` anterior longitudinal posterior longitudinal supraspinous interspinous ligamentum flava ```

Question 63

what is another fracture name for the fracture of C2?

Answer 63

hangman fracture

Question 64

where is the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine located?

Answer 64

on anterior surfaces of the bodies of vertebrae

Question 65

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament prevent?

Answer 65

hyperextension

Question 66

where is the posterior longitudinal ligament located?

Answer 66

in the vertebral canal on the posterior surface of bodies of vertebrae

Question 67

where is the supraspinous ligament located?

Answer 67

spinous processes from the sacrum to the C7 on

Question 68

where is the ligamentum nuchae located?

Answer 68

broad strong ligament in the neck

Question 69

what does the ligamentum nuchae provide?

Answer 69

site for attachment of cervical muscles

Question 70

where is the interspinous ligament located?

Answer 70

adjacent spinous processes

Question 71

where is the ligamentum flavum located in the vertebral column?

Answer 71

elastic fibers adjoining adjacent lamina of vertbrae