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MSK Week 1 > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

name the two joints of the clavicle

A

acromioclavicular joint

sternoclavicular joint

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2
Q

what is the sternoclavicular joint betwee?

A

clavicle and manubrium of sternum

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3
Q

what is a common fracture for babies

A

clavicle fractures

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4
Q

name the four ligaments that help stabilize the sternoclavicular joint

A

anterior and posterios sternoclavicular joints
costoclavicular joints
interclavicular joints

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5
Q

what is the costoclavicular joint in between?

A

anchors sternal end of the clavicle to the first rib

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6
Q

what is the AC joint surrounded by?

A

loose fibrous capsule

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7
Q

name the two ligaments that help stabilize the AC joint

A

acromioclavicular ligament

coracoclavicular ligament

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8
Q

what are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament that helps the AC joint?

A

trapezoid and conoid ligaments

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9
Q

what is a 1st degree AC injury?

A

stretch or tear of AC ligament

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10
Q

what is a 2nd degree AC injury?

A

rupture of AC ligament

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11
Q

what is a 3rd degree AC injury? another name?

A

shoulder separation…AC and coroclavicular ligaments are torn

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12
Q

what can you see externally with a 3rd degree AC injury or shoulder separation?

A

prominent clavicle on superior aspect of shoulder

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13
Q

what nerves innervate the pec major?

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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14
Q

what are two actions of pec major?

A

medial rotation and adductor/flexor of arm

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15
Q

where does pec major insert?

A

bicipital groove on humerus

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16
Q

where does pec minor insert?

A

coracoid process of scapula

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17
Q

where does pec minor originate?

A

3-5 ribs

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18
Q

what is the action of the pec minor?

A

stabilization of the scapula against the thoracic wall

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19
Q

what is innervation of the pec minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

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20
Q

what three important things pass below the pec minor?

A

axillary artery
axillary vein
brachial plexus

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21
Q

what does the axillary artery continue off of?

A

the subclavian artery after passing the lateral margin of the first rib

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22
Q

what does the axillary artery become named as it continues into the arm?

A

brachial artery

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23
Q

name the six branches of the axillary artery

A 
superior thoracic
thoracoacromial trunk
lateral thoracic artery 
subscapular
anterior humeral circumflexx
posterior humeral circumflex
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24
Q

the first part of the axillary artery consists of what branch?

A

superior thoracic

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25
Q

the second part of the axillary artery consists of what two branches

A

thoracoacromial trunk

lateral thoracic artery

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26
Q

the 3rd part of the axillary artery consists of what three branches

A

subscapular
anterior humeral circumflexx
posterior humeral circumflex

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27
Q

what does the superior thoracic artery provide flow to?

A

1st and 2nd intercostal rib spaces

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28
Q

name the four regions that the thoracoacromial trunk provides blood flow to

A

deltoid
acromial
pectoral
clavicular

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29
Q

what two things does the lateral thoracic provide blood flow to?

A

pectoral muscles and breast

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30
Q

if the axillary artery is blocked, where does arm get blood flow?

A

from anastamoses around the scapula

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31
Q

name the five segments of the brachial plexus in order

A 
roots
trunks
divisions
cords
branches
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32
Q

the roots of the brachial plexus come from what spinal nerves

A

ventral rami of C5 through T1

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33
Q

how many trunks do the five roots converge to make in the brachial plexus?

A

three

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34
Q

name the three trunks of the bracial plexus

A

superior
middle
inferior

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35
Q

what nerve roots make up the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 and 6

36
Q

what nerve roots make up the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C7

37
Q

what nerve roots make up the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

38
Q

how do the trunks of the brachial plexus divide?

A

into anterior and posterior divisions

39
Q

the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus feed what muscles?

A

anterior flexors

40
Q

the posterior divisions of the brachial plexus feed what muscles?

A

posterior extensors

41
Q

the anterior and posterior divisions then form what? how many?

A

3 cords

42
Q

name the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?

A

lateral
medial
posterior

43
Q

name the two divisions that feed into the lateral cord

A

anterior divisions of superior and middle trunk

44
Q

name the divisions that feed into the medial cord

A

anterior division of the inferior trunk continues

45
Q

name the three divisions that feed into the posterior cord

A

posterior divisions from the superior, middle and inferior trunks

46
Q

name the five main branches (nerves) that arise from the cords of the brachial plexus

A 
musculocutaneous
axillary
radial
median
ulnar
47
Q

what two nerves/branches come from the posterior cord?

A

radial and axillary

48
Q

what two nerves/branches come from the lateral cord?

A

musculocutaneous and lateral root of the median nerve

49
Q

what two nerves/branches come from the medial cord?

A

ulnar nerve and medial root of median nerve

50
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

flexors of the arm

51
Q

what does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

deltoid and teres minor

52
Q

what does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

intrinsic muscles of the hand and some forearm flexors

53
Q

what does the radial nerve innervate?

A

innervates the extensors of the arm and forearm

54
Q

what does the median nerve innervate?

A

most forearm flexors and thumb muscles

55
Q

the musculocutaneous arises from what spinal nerves?

A

C567

56
Q

the axillary arises from what spinal nerves?

A

C56

57
Q

the radial arises from what spinal nerves?

A

C5678 T1

58
Q

the median arises from what spinal nerves?

A

C5678 T1

59
Q

the ulnar arises from what spinal nerves?

A

C7,8 and T1

60
Q

name the three subscapular nerves

A

upper middle and lower

61
Q

name the nine smaller branches of the brachial plexus to know

A 
long thoracic
dorsal scapular
suprascapular
upper subscapular
middle subscapular
lower subscapular
medial pectoral
lateral pectoral
medial cutaneous nerves of arm/forearm
62
Q

the roots of the brachial plexus travel through what two parts of the neck?

A

anterior and middle scalene

63
Q

what is the name of the fascia that surrounds the scalene muscles? what does it have to help with the brachial plexus?

A

prevertebral fascia…has an axillary sheath that covers the plexus

64
Q

other than the brachial plexus, what does the axillary sheath extending from the prevertebral fascia cover?

A

axillary artery

65
Q

what are the spinal nerves of the upper subscapular?

A

C56

66
Q

what are the spinal nerves of the middle suubscapular?

A

C567

67
Q

what are the spinal nerves of the lower subscapular?

A

C56

68
Q

what are the spinal nerves of the suprascapular?

A

C56

69
Q

what are the spinal nerves of the dorsal scapular?

A

C5

70
Q

what are the spinal nerves of the medial pectoral?

A

C8T1

71
Q

what are the spinal nerves of the lateral pectoral ?

A

C5-C7

72
Q

what are the spinal nerves of the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm/forearm?

A

C8T1

73
Q

what is the action of the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm/forearm

A

sensation to the medial arm and forearm

74
Q

what two muscles does the lower subscapular innervated?

A

teres minor and subscapularis muscle

75
Q

what muscle does the upper subscapular innervate

A

subscapularis

76
Q

what muscle does the middle subscapular innervate?

A

lattisimus dorsi

77
Q

what two muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

supraspinous and infraspinous

78
Q

where do the cords of the brachial plexus run along?

A

axillary artery

79
Q

describe the location of each cord of the brachial plexus in relation to the axillary artery

A

lateral is lateral to it
medial is medial to it
posterior is posterior to it

80
Q

name the only nerve of the upper limb that does not come from the brachial plexus

A

intercostobrachial nerve

81
Q

what is the innervation of the intercostobrachial nerve?

A

sensory innervation to small region of skin along the medial aspect of the arm

82
Q

sensory innervation of thumb and lateral arm is what dermatome?

A

C6

83
Q

sensory innervation of the tip of shoulder is what dermatome?

A

C5

84
Q

sensory innervation of the middle finger is what dermatome?

A

C7

85
Q

sensory innervation of the little finger is what dermatome?

A

C8

86
Q

sensory innervation of the medial arm is what dermatome?

A

T1

MSK Week 1 (7 decks)

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