Vertebral Column

Question 1

Vertebral regions

Answer 1

Cervical- neck
Thoracic- thoracic cavity/rib cage area
Lumbar- lower back
Sacral- hip area
Caudal- tail

Question 2

Formula for # of different veterbre per region in a dog

Answer 2

C-7, T-13, L-7, S-3, Cd-20

Question 3

Body of vert.

Answer 3

solid cylinder of bone ventral to canal for spinal cord

Question 4

Vertebral arch

Answer 4

forms lateral and dorsal boundaries of the foramen

Question 5

Vertebral foramen

Answer 5

forms the vertebral canal for the spinal cord

Question 6

Pedicles

Answer 6

lateral parts of vertebral foramen

Question 7

Lamina

Answer 7

dorsal part of vertebral foramen

Question 8

What part of the vertebra is removed to relieve pressure from the spinal cord

Answer 8

the lamina

known as a laminectomy

Question 9

Pedicles contain

Answer 9

caudal and cranial vertebral notches

Question 10

Intervertebral foramina is formed by

Answer 10

the vertebral notches of adjacent vertebrea

Question 11

What are the bony processes in the “typical” vertebra

Answer 11

Spinous process- dorsal mid-line of vertebral lamina
Transverse process- paired extensions from either side of vertebrae
Cranial & caudal articular processes- on lamina & extend cranially or caudally to articulate with the adjacent vertebrae

Question 12

Which vertebra articulates cranially with the occipital condyles of the skull?

Answer 12

Atlas

Question 13

Joint between the atlas and the skull? Primary movement?

Answer 13

Atlantoocipital joint

Flexion and extension (“yes” movement)

Question 14

2nd cervical vertebra and its joint with the 1st cervical vertebra?

Answer 14

Axis

Atlantoaxial joint

Question 15

Differences between the typical vert and the atlas

Answer 15

Body replaced by ventral arch
Dorsal arch contains pedicles and lamina
Transverse processes are shelf like and called the wings of the atlas

Question 16

Major m. that attaches to the Atlas

Answer 16

Omotransversarious

Question 17

Movement of the axis vert

Answer 17

Rotation (“no” movement)

Question 18

Foramina of the atlas

Answer 18

Vertebral foramen
Transverse foramina- Dorsalcaudal wings of atlas going dorsalventral
Lateral vertebral foramina- lateral surface of dorsal arch open into vertebral foramen

Question 19

Where do the first (cranial most) cervical spinal nerves exit the spinal cord to go out into the body?

Answer 19

Lateral vertebral foramina of the atlas

Question 20

Alar notch

Answer 20

notch in the cranial border of the wing of the atlas where it joins the dorsal and ventral arches

Question 21

Differences between the typical vert and the axis

Answer 21

Spinous process runs length of the vertebra
Cranial processes of the body called the dens
Transverse foramen- passes through base of transverse process

Question 22

Differences in 3-7 cervical vertebrae

Answer 22

3-6 have transverse foramen
C3 spinous process is small, progressively larger 4,5,6,&7
C6 transverse process is expanded

Question 23

Differences between the typical vert and thoracic vert as a group

Answer 23

Well developed spinous processes, progressively larger 1-7 & smaller 7-13
Articular facets for the ribs

Question 24

Differences between thoracic vertebrea

Answer 24

1-10 have cranial and caudal costal fovea for rib articulation
11-13 have only on costal fovea
Mid thoracic mid lumbar have an accessory process, caudal process from the pedicle

Question 25

Differences between the typical vert and lumbar vert as a group

Answer 25

Well developed transverse processes

Spinous processes wide and taller the T13