Nervous System Lecture Flashcards
Organs of the nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Functions of the nervous system
Perceive
Transmit
Process (integrate)
Store
Primary goal of the nervous system
to use basic functions to maintain body homeostasis
Cell types of the nervous system
Neurons, Neuoglia
Parts of a neuron
Cell body, cell processes (dendrite(s) and axon)
Shape and function of types of neurons
Bipolar- sensory specifically vision, smell, taste
Pseudounipolar- all other sensory
Multipolar- motor
Anatomical classifications of nervous system
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system- 12 cranial nerves and 35 spinal nerves
Spinal nerve formula for a dog
8Cervical, 13Thoracic, 7Lumbar, 3Sacral, 4Caudal
Area of the nervous system that is exclusively information in to the CNS.
Dorsal root
Area of the nervous system that is exclusively commands out of the CNS.
Ventral root
Mass of cell bodies in the CNS
Grey matter
Mass of cell bodies in the PNS
Ganglion
General path of sensory information from the body to the spinal cord
Dorsal and ventral branch
Dorsal root ganglion
Dorsal root
Dorsal lobe of grey matter
General path of command information from the spinal cord to the body
Interneuron
Ventral root
Dorsal and ventral branch
Reflexes skip the brain by following what path
sensory path to the spinal cord
Interneuron
Motor path to the body
Brachial plexus is composed of what spinal segments
C6-T2
Purpose for redundancy of nerve paths from the brachial plexus to the thoracic limb
To mitigate loss of use of the thoracic limb due to injury
Important named nerve from the brachial plexus
Radial nerve- C7-C2, allows weight bearing on the limb by causing the elbow joint to be extended
Lumbrosacral plexus is composed of what spinal segments
L4-S3
Important named nerve from the lumbrosacral plexus
Femoral nerve,
L4-6,
Innervates the quadriceps femoris,
Extends the stifle joint for weight bearing
Functional classifications of the nervous system
GSE (general somatic efferent)- controls skeletal mm.
GVE (general visceral efferent)- controls cardiac and smooth mm. and glands.
GSA (general somatic afferent)- senses external environment.
GVA (general visceral afferent)- senses internal environment.
Functional classification(s) of the nervous system found in all spinal nerves
GSE, GSA, GVE
Functional classification(s) of the autonomic nervous system
GVE, GVS
Matching:
(Voluntary, involuntary, conscious, unconscious)
with
(GSE, GSA, GVA, GVE)
GSE- voluntary,
GSA- consious,
GVE- involuntary,
GVA- unconsious
Divisions of autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic,
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic function and origin
Housekeeping,
S1-3 and Cranial nerves 3,7,9,10
Sympathetic function and origin
fight or flight,
T1-L4
3 major concepts of autonomic nervous system
2 neuron chains, location of cell bodies, dual innervation
General locations of cell bodies for parasympathetic
1st: S1-3 and cranial nerves 3,7,9,10.
2nd: Organ tissue
General locations of cell bodies for parasympathetic
1st: T1-L4.
2nd: Ganglions
Dual innervation
innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic to provided opposite effects.
Not applicable to extremities.
Sympathetic innervation to the heart: action and path
Increase heart rate and cardiac output.
Grey matter, ventral root, spinal n., ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk, ganglion near heart, post ganglion n., heart mm.
General sympathetic innervation to organs in the trunk
Grey matter, ventral root, spinal n., ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk, ganglion near target organ/tissue, post ganglion n., target organ/tissue
Sympathetic innervation to the head: action
shutdown salivary glands and dilate pupils
Sympathetic innervation to the extremities (periphery): path
Grey matter, ventral root, spinal n., ramus communicans, ganglion in the sympathetic trunk, ramus communicans, spinal n., dorsal or ventral branch, target tissue
Parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal viscera: path and action
slow cardiac output and heart rate.
Brain, cranial nerve 10, vagosympathetic trunk, cranial nerve 10, organ
Parasympathetic innervation to head: path and action
Constrict pupil, turn on salivary gland secretion.
Cranial nn. 3,7,9 to organ
Parasympathetic innervation to pelvic viscera
Sacral gray matter, spinal n., pelvic n., organs
Sympathetic innervation to pelvic viscera
Lumbar grey matter, caudal thoracic/lumbar spinal n., lumbar splanchnic nn., caudal mesenteric ganglion, hypogastric nn., urinary bladder
Accessory n. Is functionally classified as
GSE
